Miscellaneous Topics – 2466
born of productive deeds are the results of the process caused by productive
deeds (
kamma-bhava
).
In this matter, the arising of the process caused by productive deeds and the
arising of rebirth dependent on the four kinds of clinging as discussed in detail
in the commentary on the Vibhaṅga (
Sammoha-vinodhanī
) will be stated briefly.
“What type of rebirth (
bhava
) is conditioned by what particular kind of
clinging?” The answer to this question is: “All the four kinds of clinging may be
the condition for
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both types of rebirth (
bhava
).”
The explanation is this: A worldling is like a lunatic; that being so, he cannot
discriminate what is proper and fitting, and what is not. Therefore, under the
influence of all four kinds of clinging, he commits all sorts of actions, that are
of mundane merit and demerit and that tend to renewed existence. How these
various actions are committed will be considered here.
A worldling may know or hear that sense pleasures abound with the ruling class
or higher classes of the human world and in the six realms. He may get bad
advice from others that to gain what one wants, one should do anything, if needs
be, one should kill or steal. So under the evil influence of clinging to sense
pleasures, he commits evil deeds such as killing to gratify his strong desire for
sense pleasures. These evil deeds lead to rebirth in the lower worlds (
apāya
).
Or a worldling may have an irresistible temptation to get some sense object that
he sees before him; or he may wish to preserve and protect his property, and to
achieve this, he would do anything whether it is morally right or wrong. This is
a more common case of committing evil being driven by clinging to sense
pleasures. Evil deeds cause rebirth in the lower worlds. In these cases, the evil
deeds that send him to the lower worlds is called the process caused by
productive deeds (
kamma-bhava
) and the result and mental aggregates and
corporeality born of productive deeds pertaining to the lower worlds are called
the arising of rebirth (
upapatti-bhava
). This is how clinging to sense pleasures
leads to a demeritorious process caused by productive deeds and the result
thereof.
Another worldling is fortunate in having wiser counsel. His friends are virtuous
by example as well as by precept. He gains some knowledge of the truth. He
knows truly that by doing meritorious deeds he can gain fortunate destinations.
He performs meritorious deeds, and, as a result of which, he is reborn in the