Miscellaneous Topics – 2451
The poet calls his subject matter “the train of Saṁsāra that speeds along the
three spheres,’ because dependent origination (
paṭicca-samuppāda
) is the
ceaseless round of causal factors that gives rise to the aggregates, sense spheres
and elements pertaining to the three spheres of existence.
Ignorance (
avijjā
) is called the great darkness of delusion (
mahā-tama
). The
darkness of ignorance is usually described as having four contributory factors:
the darkness that prevails on a first-moon night where no moon shines; at
midnight; in the heart of a deep forest; and shrouded with rain clouds. The
fourfold ignorance of the worldling is comparable to the four factored darkness.
The worldling shrouded by ignorance commits evil deeds for his immediate
welfare through twelve demeritorious thoughts; these volitions are the
demeritorious volitions (
apuññābhisaṅkhārā
) that tend to the miserable
existences.
Ignorance not only drives the blinded worldling to commit evil actions, it also
drives him to perform good actions that send him to the high existences of the
Deva and Brahma worlds. This is because whereas the first two truths of the
four truths, the truth of suffering (
dukkha
) and the truth of the cause of
suffering are mundane truths which are of a burning nature; the latter two truths,
the truth of cessation and the truth of the path, are supermundane truths which
have a cool and tranquil nature. The worldling, especially a worldling who
cherishes rebirth, whose mental makeup is shrouded by ignorance, does not
understand that the two mundane truths are of a burning nature and so he
resorts to them and becomes a slave to his own craving.
When craving overpowers the worldling, particularly those with a natural
inclination to the annihilist view, rejecting the afterlife, he sets his sights on the
present life only. He is prepared to perpetrate any vicious act for his immediate
welfare. He would kill or steal or commit any deed as his demeritorious volition
(
apuññābhisaṅkhārā
) urges him. The worldlings who believe in continued
existence or the eternity view, on the other hand, would aspire to higher
existences in the future. They would perform meritorious deeds to go to
fortunate existences or to be reborn in the formless realm according to their
hearts’ desire, all of which are not conducive to gaining paths, fruitions and
Nibbāna. These deeds are, as the case may be, either meritorious volitions
(
puññābhisaṅkhārā
) that lead to the sensuous sphere and the form realm, or
unshakable volitions (
aneñjābhisaṅkhārā
) that lead to the formless realm.