Miscellaneous Topics – 2449
With the causal process of one’s own actions as condition, recurrence of fresh
existences or rebirth comes about (
bhava-paccayā jāti
).
With rebirth as condition, ageing-and-death, grief, lamentation, bodily pain,
distress of mind, and agony, come about (
jāti-paccayā jarāmaraṇaṁ soka-
parideva-dukkha-domanassūpayāsā sambhavanti
).
Homage to the peerless lord of all Devas, who has the penetrative knowledge of
the four truths! I shall now explain the causal law that governs the ceaseless
rounds of existences in the three spheres: the sensuous sphere, the form realm
and the formless realm. Not knowing the four truths on account of the great
darkness of ignorance, the worldling does not understand the fires of
defilements in him and so, being deeply attached to the five aggregates that are
merely fuel to the burning defilements, and he commits demeritorious deeds
with heart and soul every day. Thinking of the glorious existences in the human
world and the
[1147]
Deva realm as real happiness, he also performs meritorious
deeds of the ten kinds which tend to rebirth in the sensuous sphere and the form
realm on the one hand or to the formless realm on the other hand. Thus he does
volitional actions that result in endless rebirth in the three spheres.
1. With ignorance as condition there are volitions (
avijjā-paccayā
saṅkhārā
).
Dependent on ignorance, volitions arise, i.e., thoughts, words and deeds are
caused by a certain motive or volition that are conditioned by ignorance. There
are an infinite number of beings that live in the infinite world-elements but all
of them, in the ultimate sense, are representations of just the twelve factors of
dependent origination: ignorance, volitions, rebirth-linking consciousness, mind
and matter, the six sense spheres, contact, sensation, craving, clinging, rebirth
and ageing-and-death.
Paṭicca
means being dependent on, or conditioned by;
samuppāda
means the arising of the following items, like volitions, rebirth-
linking consciousness, etc.
Of these twelve factors, ignorance is the root condition of the earlier part of
Saṁsāra. Hence it is mentioned first, as between ignorance (
avijjā
) and volitions
(
saṅkhāra
), the former is the cause and the latter is the result. Volitions means
volitional thoughts, words and deeds.
Ignorance (
avijjā
) is one of the 52 mental concomitants (
cetasika
). It is
essentially delusion (
moha
), a demeritorious state of mind. Delusion (
moha
) is