Miscellaneous Topics – 2418
The Section on a Schism in the Saṅgha (
Saṅgha-bhedakakkhandhaka
) of the
Vinaya Short Division (
Cūḷa-vagga
, Vin Cv 7) states: “He who causes a schism
of the Saṅgha is reborn in Niraya, the realms of continuous suffering, and
suffers there for a whole aeon.” “That aeon is the lifespan of the Avīci, the
lowest realm of continuous suffering,” explains the commentary. The lifespan of
the Avīci inmates is equal to one eightieth of a great aeon (
mahā-kappa
),
according to the sub-commentary in Thirteen Sections (
Terasa-kaṇḍa-ṭīkā
), a
voluminous sub-commentary on the Vinaya. In the same work, it is particularly
mentioned that one eightieth of that duration should be reckoned as an inclusive
period (
antara-kappa
) of Avīci inmates. Therefore, it follows that one great
aeon (
mahā-kappa
) is made up of 80 inclusive periods (
antara-kappa
) according
to the reckoning of Avīci inmates.
It may be clarified that, as mentioned above, one great aeon (
mahā-kappa
) has
four immeasurable periods (
asaṅkhyeyya-kappa
), and one immeasurable aeon
(
asaṅkhyeyya-kappa
) has 64 inclusive periods (
antara-kappa
). Therefore, one
great aeon is equivalent to 256 inclusive periods (
antara-kappa
) by human
calculations.
If 256 is divided by 80, the result is 3.2 therefore, 3.2 inclusive periods (
antara-
kappa
) of human beings make one inclusive period of Avīci inmates.
In Avīci there are no evolving and dissolving aeons as in the human world.
Since it is the place that knows suffering at all times the end of each
dissolving period is not marked with the three periods of misfortune. One
eightieth of a great aeon (
mahā-kappa
), which is the lifespan of the Avīci
inmates, is their inclusive period (
antara-kappa
). Therefore, by one
inclusive period of Avīci is meant 3.2 inclusive periods of human beings.
In this way, it may be assumed that one immeasurable aeon (
asaṅkhyeyya-kappa
)
is equal to 64 inclusive periods (
antara-kappa
) of human beings and 20 inclusive
periods of Avīci inmates. Therefore, when some Pāḷi texts such as the Path of
Purification (
Visuddhi-magga
), the sub-commentary, the Explanation of the
Meaning of the Abhidhamma (
Abhidhammattha-vibhāvanī
), etc. say that one
immeasurable aeon contains either 64 or 20 inclusive periods (
antara-kappa
),
the figures do not contradict each other. The difference between the numbers
lies only in the manner of calculation. It should be noted that the two are of the
same length of time.