Miscellaneous Topics – 2415
The second kind is also a great downpour, but it falls when a period is to be
dissolved by water. It is not an ordinary rainfall, but a very unusual one, for it
has the power to smash even a rocky mountain into smithereens.
An elaborate description of the dissolution of a period by fire, water or the
air element is given in the chapter on the Deep Knowledge about Previous
Lives (
Pubbe-nivāsānussati-abhiññā
) in the Path of Purification
(
Visuddhi-magga
, Vis XIII, 4).
The above-mentioned four immeasurable periods are of the same duration,
which cannot be reckoned in terms of years. That is why they are known as
periods of incalculable length (
asaṅkhyeyya-kappa
). These four immeasurable
periods constitute one great aeon (
mahā-kappa
).
At the beginning of the immeasurable period in the state of evolution
(
vivaṭṭaṭṭhāyi-asaṅkhyeyya-kappa
), that is, at the beginning of the world, people
live for an incalculable (
asaṅkhyeyya
) number of years. As time goes on, they
are overcome by such mental defilements as greed (
lobha
), hatred (
dosa
), etc.
and consequently their lifespan gradually decreases until it becomes only ten
years. Such a period of decrease is called a decreasing period (
hāyana-kappa
).
On the contrary, owing to the occurrence and uplift of such wholesome
principles as the sublime states of mind such as loving-kindness (
mettā
),
compassion (
karuṇā
), etc., the lifespan of generations of their descendents
doubles up gradually until it reaches an incalculable number of years. Such a
period of increase in lifespan from ten years to incalculable years is called an
increasing period (
vaddhana-kappa
).
For further details of these two periods of increase and decrease in the
human lifespan, refer to the Discourse about the Wheel-Turning Monarch
(
Cakka-vatti-sutta
, DN 26).
Thus, the lifespan of human beings goes up and down between ten years and an
incalculable number of years
[1504]
as they develop meritoriousness or are
overcome by demeritoriousness. A pair of lifespans, an increasing one and a
decreasing one, is called an inclusive period (
antara-kappa
).
At the beginning of the world, when people’s lifespan declines from incalculable
years to ten years, a change of period takes place. If the decline is due to the
particularly overpowering state of greed, then there occurs scarcity of food and