Miscellaneous Topics – 2376
The Terms Kāḷīyuga and Sakkarāj
In the expression: “Such and such year Kāḷīyuga Sakkarāj,” by putting Kāḷīyuga
as an adjective before Sakkarāj, Kāḷīyuga and Sakkarāj we can see that they are
different in meaning. The expression means: “The year of a certain era, in the
length of time beginning with the Kāḷīyuga.”
Of the pair of the evolution and devolution periods called inclusive periods
(
antara-kappa
), an evolution period consists of four ages: Katayuga, Tretayuga,
Dvāparayuga and Kāḷīyuga. There are waxing and waning periods of these four
ages (
yuga
). When these periods complete 60 times, an evolution period comes
to an end. Mundane treatises say the same is true of a devolving period. Of the
four ages, the first one, Katayuga, has 1,728,000 years; then Tretayuga which
has 1,296,000 years; it is followed by Dvāparayuga of 864,000 years. Finally
follows Kāḷīyuga of 432,000 years. The total number of these four
yugas
is
4,320,000.
Note that if the years of the Kāḷīyuga are doubled, the result is the years of
the Dvāparayuga; if tripled, the years of the Tretayuga; if quadrupled, the
years of the Katayuga.
During the Katayuga years, all four quarters of beings, the whole people,
observe righteousness as though living things stand on four legs. During the
Tretayuga, three quarters of them observe righteousness as though they stand on
three legs, one quarter does not. During the Dvāparayuga, one half do so, and
the other half do not. During the Kāḷīyuga, only one quarter does and three
quarters do not.
Our Teacher, Gotama the Buddha, rose in the 2,570
th
year of the Kāḷīyuga, states
the Ancient History of Gotama (
Gotama-purāṇa
). In the first chapter (
kaṇḍa
), it
says:
Kāḷerārabbhato suññā, satta pañca-duke gate,
saṁvacchare babhuva ve, Dhamma-vido Gotamābhidho.
2,570 years after the commencement of Kāḷīyuga, there appeared the one
named Gotama, who comprehended the Dhamma.
If one desires to know the present Buddhist year and the present Kāḷīyuga, one
can take the present year in the Myanmar era, which corresponds to the Sakarāj
era and add 1,182 years; the answer is the year of the Buddhist era.