Miscellaneous Topics – 2375
Such an account of abrogation of an era is a worldly tradition preserved in
historical works. There is neither an occurrence of repeal of an era nor use of
such a term as the Sakkarāj era, but such an expression as Koza or Goza in the
books is approved in the Buddhist Councils. All this is stated only in secular
treatises of astrology and history. These ways of calculation and expression
contained in those mundane astrological and historical works have been
borrowed in Myanmar by successive learned scholars throughout the Bagan
period, Pinya Period, and so on, for the benefit and convenience in recording
the number of years and the date of an event.
Orthography of Sakkarāj, Sakarāj and Koza, Goza
Much has been written about the orthography of Sakkarāj, Sakarāj and Koza,
Goza by Monywe Zetawun Sayādaw in his Light on the All-Seeing one
(
Samanta-cakkhu-dīpanī
, vol. 2).
The Sayādaw’s opinion in this connection is as follows:
[1685]
“Many ways of
writing these terms have been met with. They are only useful for recording and
calculating years. Any incorrect spelling in no way affects supermundane
matters; any correct spelling would not help gain release from Saṁsāra, as it is
in no sense an object in acquiring insight and right view. For these reasons, it is
rational to hold that each form of orthography has its own merit.” Such a
decisive statement is very satisfactory.
In short, Sakkarāj is so called because, as a system of chronological notation to
be reckoned from a certain date, it is founded by kings who are able to protect
the people; Sakarāj is so-called because such a founding was accomplished by a
Saka King. Koza or Goza signifies a period of time marked by the movements
of the sun and the moon.
Sakkarāj comes from
sakka
meaning “able” and
rāja
, “king;” hence
Sakkarāj, an era founded by a king who is able to give protection to his
subjects.
Alternatively, Sakarāj derives from
Sakarājā
,
Saka
being the name of a
people and
rāja
, “king;” hence,
Sakarājā
means an era introduced by a
Saka king.
As for Koza and Goza,
ko
is a term for the sun and
go
a word for both the
sun and the moon;
za
is used in the sense of “going about.” The time spent
in making a complete round of the Zodiac by the sun and the moon is
called a year of Koza or Goza. It is also written as Gocar.