Miscellaneous Topics – 2313
in renunciation, by going forth from household life to the homeless state; in
morality, by observing the precepts as an ascetic and in tranquillity (
samatha
)
meditation, by putting in efforts to attain the absorptions (
jhāna
) and super
knowledges (
abhiññā
). Having done so, he received the definite prophecy from
Buddha Dīpaṅkara and that was followed by his contemplating the ten
perfections and his exertion and fulfilment of the perfections, beginning with
generosity (
dāna
) through the aforesaid four modes of development that lasted
four immeasurable periods and 100,000 aeons up to his existence as Prince
[202]
Vessantara.
In fulfilling the ten perfections, as mentioned in the Abundance of Meaning
(
Aṭṭha-sālinī
, DsA), and the Birth Stories (
Jātaka
) commentary with regard to
the perfection of generosity (
dāna-pāramī
), the existences in which he
performed generosity were countless, as he had done so when he was the
Brahmin Akitti, Brahmin Saṅkha, King Dhanañjaya, King Mahā Sudassana,
Brahmin chaplain Mahā Govinda, King Nimi, Prince Candakumāra, the wealthy
Visayha, King Sivi and Prince Vessantara, etc. What are particularly mentioned
in these commentaries is that the generosity shown by the Bodhisatta, as the wise
hare (Ja 316), at the sacrifice of his life, was the highest perfection of generosity
(
paramattha-dāna-pāramī
).
With regard to the perfection of morality (
sīla-pāramī
), the existences in which
he observed morality are countless, as he had done so when he was the Nāga
King Campeyya, Nāga King Bhūridatta, elephant King Chaddanta, Prince
Jayaddisa, Prince Alīnasattu, etc. In particular, his observance of morality at the
sacrifice of his life while he was the Nāga King Saṅkhapāla (Ja 524) was the
highest perfection of morality (
paramattha-sīla-pāramī
).
With regard to the perfection of renunciation (
nekkhamma-pāramī
), the
existences in which he renounced the world are countless, as he had done so
leaving behind his kingdom when he was Prince Hatthipāla, the wise Ayoghara,
etc. In particular, his renunciation of the kingly wealth that had come to him
when he was Cūḷa Sutasoma (Ja 525) and which he found loathsome as spittle,
absolutely without attachment, was the highest perfection of renunciation
(
paramattha-nekkhamma-pāramī
).
With regard to the perfection of wisdom (
paññā-pāramī
), the existences in
which he fulfilled the perfection of wisdom were countless, as he had done so
when he was the wise Vidhura, Mahā Govinda, Kudāla, Araka, Mahosadha, etc.