1: The Birth of the Bodhisatta – 222
3. The appropriate country for the appearance of a Buddha.
4. The family into which the Bodhisatta is reborn.
5. The lifespan of the Bodhisatta’s mother-to-be.
1. Of these five great investigations, the Bodhisatta considered first: “Is the time
right or not for the appearance of a Buddha in the human world?”
The time is not proper for the advent of a Buddha when the lifespan of human
beings is on the increase from 100,000 years. Owing to such longevity, suffering
caused by birth, suffering caused by disease, suffering caused by old age and
suffering caused by death are not manifest. Veiled by their lengthy lifespan,
human beings tend to be oblivious of all suffering.
The Dhamma sermons to be delivered by Buddhas invariably centre around the
characteristics of impermanence (
anicca
), suffering (
dukkha
) and non-self
(
anatta
). If Buddhas appear when the lifespan is more than 100,000 years give
sermons on the nature of impermanence, suffering and non-self, the people of
that period will be perplexed, wondering what the Buddhas are teaching about.
They will neither listen to nor believe the sermons. Without listening or
believing, human beings will surely wonder what the Buddha’s teaching is about.
They will never realize the four noble truths and never achieve Nibbāna. It
would be fruitless to teach the non-believers the discourse on the three
characteristics which would liberate them from Saṁsāra. Therefore, the period
when the lifespan extends more than 100,000 years is not the proper time for the
Buddhas
[214]
to appear.
The period when the lifespan of human beings falls below 100 years is also not
proper for a Buddha to appear, because beings belonging to such a period
abound in the defilements of sensual pleasures. The Dhamma sermons given to
such people will not endure. In fact, they will fade away instantly just as the
scribbling with a stick on the surface of the water will disappear, leaving no
mark whatsoever. Therefore, the short period of the declining lifespan below
100 years is also not the proper time for the Buddhas to appear.
Only the periods when lifespans range from 100,000 years down to 100 years are
right for the appearance of a Buddha. These are the periods in which birth, old
age and death manifest themselves clearly, in which the teaching on the three
characteristics and the teaching as to how beings can be liberated from Saṁsāra
is understood easily and in which beings are not so overwhelmed by the