The Life Stories of the Male Lay Disciples – 2207
during the time of Buddha Gotama. He was conceived in the womb of a
courtesan named Sālavatī, the conception being caused by Prince Abhaya.
It was the custom of courtesans to nurture only female children whereas male
children were discarded discreetly. Accordingly, Sālavatī, the courtesan, had her
newly-born baby put on an old bamboo tray and thrown into a rubbish heap by a
trusted servant without being noticed by anyone.
The child was observed from a distance by Prince Abhaya who was on his way
to attend on his father King Bimbisāra. He sent his attendants: “Men, what is
that thing surrounded by crows?” The men went to the rubbish heap and finding
the baby, said: “My Lord, it is a newly-born baby boy!”
“Is he still alive?”
“Yes, my Lord, he is.”
Prince Abhaya had the child taken to his royal residence and taken care of. As
the prince’s attendants replied to their master: “It is still alive” (
jīvati
), the child
was named Jīvaka. And since he was brought up by Prince Abhaya, he was also
called: “Jīvaka, Komārabhacca.”
Young Jīvaka, the adopted son of Prince Abhaya, was sent to Takkasilā for his
education at the age of sixteen. He learned medicine and gained mastery of the
subject. He became the king’s physician. At one time, he cured King
Caṇḍapajjota of a grave illness, for which he was honoured by that king with
500 cartloads of rice, 16,000 pieces of money of silver, a pair of fine clothes
made in the province of Kāsi, and 1,000 pieces of cloth to supplement it.
At that time, the Buddha was staying in the mountain monastery on the side of
Gijjhakūṭa Hill, near Rājagaha. Jīvaka, the king’s physician, cured the
constipation of the Buddha by administering a mild laxative. Then it occurred to
Jīvaka: “It were well if all the four requisites of the Fortunate One were my
donations,” and accordingly, he invited the Buddha to stay in his Mango Grove
as a monastery. After curing the Buddha’s illness, he offered the fine Kāsi cloth
to the Buddha and the 1,000 pieces of cloth that were supplementary to it were
offered to the Saṅgha.
This brief account of Jīvaka is based on the commentary on the Collection
of the Numerical Discourses (
Aṅguttara-nikāya
). For a fuller account, the
reader is urged to refer to the Vinaya (Vin Mv 8).