The Life Stories of the Monks – 2024
an Arahat. He had a special competence in exercising the power of remembering
past existences. He also was a gifted orator who could draw the attention of the
four types of devotees who gathered before the Buddha or the Saṅgha by his
skill in exposition. Thus, he came to be popularly known as Ven. Nandaka, the
Expounder of the Doctrine.
At one time, the Buddha had to intervene between the two warring groups of
Sakyan princes: the Koliyan clan and the Kapilavatthu clan. They were living
on each side of a small river called the Rohinī. They could not amicably decide
on the distribution of the scanty water to each clan’s cultivators. After pacifying
both sides, the Buddha asked for 250 princes from each clan to take up the
monastic life. These 500 Sakyan princes were young, and attached to their
families, and did not find happiness as monastics. Hence, the Buddha took them
to a far-away forest in the midst of which lay Lake Kuṇāla. There, he delivered
the Birth Story about the King of the Cuckoos, Kuṇāla (
Kuṇāla-jātaka
, Ja 536)
and aroused spiritual urgency in them. The Buddha knew about this and
expounded the four noble truths to them which caused them to be established in
Stream-entry (
Sotāpatti-phala
). Then he taught them the Discourse on the Great
Assembly (
Mahā-samaya-sutta
, DN 20) in the Great Wood, at the end of which,
the 500 monastics became Arahats.
291
The 500 wives of the monastics who had renounced their lay lives, did not see
any reason to remain in their lofty mansions. So they all gathered around Mahā
Pajāpati Gotamī, the Buddha’s foster mother, to plead with the Buddha for
admission into the Saṅgha.
They went to the Great Wood where, at the ardent request by Mahā Pajāpati
Gotamī, the Buddha allowed them to become female monastics after laying
down eight cardinal principles to be observed by them. Since there were no
female monastics before them, their admission ceremony was performed by
monks only.
292
The important thing relating to Ven. Nandaka is that all these
500 female monastics were, in one of their former existences, queen consorts to
Ven. Nandaka who was then a king.
291
For details on this episode refer to chapter 22.
292
Later, admission of female monastics required both a congregation of male monastics
and that of female monastics.