The Life Stories of the Monks – 2002
they were reborn into a Brahmin family whose clan name was Kassapa. On
coming of age, they become masters of the three Vedas and the eldest brother
had 500 pupils; the second brother had 300 pupils; and the youngest brother had
200 pupils who became their disciples.
When they reviewed their learning they realised that the Vedas offered
teachings for the present life but lacked knowledge that was of benefit in the
hereafter. The eldest Kassapa brother, together with his 500 disciples, renounced
the world and led the life of a recluse. They retired into the Uruvelā forest and
he became known by the name of his
[1327]
place as Uruvelā Kassapa. The
second brother and his 300 disciples likewise became recluses and lived at the
river bend of the Ganges and he came to be known as Nadī Kassapa. The
youngest brother also became a recluse together with his 200 disciples and they
dwelled at a place called Gayāsīsa, and hence he became known as Gayā
Kassapa.
The three Kassapa brothers became famous as teachers of their own religious
sects. During the time when the three Kassapa brothers were giving guidance to
their respective groups, the Buddha Gotama appeared in the world. The Buddha
passed the first Rains Retreat (
Vassa
) at the Deer Park, also known as Isipatana,
where he caused the Awakening of the Group-of-Five ascetics and the 55 youths
led by Yasa, son of a merchant, and these 60 disciples become the first Arahats
in this world.
At the end of the Rains Retreat (
Vassa
), the Buddha enjoined the 60 Arahat
monks to spread the good doctrine while he headed toward the Uruvelā forest
alone. On his way, he met the 30 princes, all brothers, at Kappāsika forest,
whom he summoned as monastics using the words: “Come, monastic,” and
caused their Awakening as noble ones (
ariya
) of various grades, training them
for Awakening.
The Buddha then proceeded alone to the Uruvelā forest because he saw the
ripeness of Uruvelā Kassapa for Awakening and also saw that all three Kassapa
brothers and their followers would gain Awakening. When the Buddha met
Uruvelā Kassapa, he had to display 3,500 miracles to convince him, the most
remarkable of which was the taming of the powerful Nāga. Finally, Uruvelā
Kassapa and his 500 disciples were summoned by the Buddha into the monastic
life. On learning the news of the eldest brother becoming a follower of the