The Life Stories of the Monks – 1887
Two Foremost Titles Achieved
When he gave a discourse, Ven. Subhūti did so objectively by concentrating on
the Dhamma itself, and by not making any reference to an individual, the way
the Buddha did. This led him to be declared the foremost (
etad-agga
) in living
free from mental defilements (
araṇa-vihārī
).
When Ven. Subhūti went on alms round, thinking: “If I adopt this method, great
benefits will accrue to the supporters.” At every house, he habitually engaged in
loving-kindness absorption (
mettā-jhāna
) before he received the alms food. This
caused him to be the foremost (
etad-agga
) in being worthy of excellent gifts
(
dakkhiṇeyya
).
Later on, therefore, when the Buddha held a meeting with the assembly of
monks, he spoke in praise of Ven. Subhūti as follows:
Etad-aggaṁ. bhikkhave mama sāvakānaṁ bhikkhūnaṁ
araṇa-vihārīnaṁ yad-idaṁ Subhūti,
dakkhiṇeyyānaṁ yad-idaṁ Subhūti.
Monks, among my monastic-disciples who live detached from defilements,
Subhūti stands foremost; and also he stands foremost among those who
are worthy of the best offerings.
Herein, with reference to those who live detached from the moral defilements
(
araṇa-vihārī-etad-agga
), such as passion (
rāga
), hatred (
dosa
), etc., are called
lamenters (
raṇa
) because they lead to lamentation. Arahats, who live enjoying
bliss, as they are free from moral defilements, are said to be non-lamenters
(
araṇa-vihārī
).
Apart from Ven. Subhūti, there were other Arahats who lived such a life too.
But when they taught, they did so by employing the method which considered
making reference to a certain person (
puggalādhiṭṭhāna-dhamma-desanā
) whom
they either praised or censured. But Ven. Subhūti adopted the method which
required him to speak of the Dhamma itself as his objective (
Dhammādhiṭṭhāna
)
– the Dhamma taught by the Buddha. That was why he was declared the
foremost among the monastics who lived detached from defilements (
araṇa-
vihārī
).
The Analysis of Non-Conflict (
Araṇa-vibhaṅga-sutta
, MN 139) enumerates
the six factors of living detached from conflicts (
araṇa-vihāra
), as follows: