42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1748
According to the Buddha’s doctrine, Arahats such as the Buddha and his Arahat
disciples, having eradicated ignorance and craving for existence, which are the
root causes of the round of existences, will not be reborn in a new existence.
Until the two root causes have been eradicated, rebirth is inevitable, however
much one holds an annihilist view. Just as a
[1143]
tree whose tap roots are not
cut off will remain growing and bear fruit, but when its tap roots are completely
cut off it cannot thrive and cannot bear fruit, so also ignorance and craving for
existence must be understood as the tap roots of rebirth. All worldlings, Stream-
enterers, Once-returners, Non-returners will have rebirth because these two tap
roots have not been completely destroyed. Only on becoming Arahats are the
two tap roots completely destroyed and rebirth is stopped.
Only one who does not hold the wrong view of annihilism believes in the
afterlife. Only when existence after death is believed in, will there be alms
giving for one’s own well-being in future existences. Only when volitional acts
of giving are done, can there be the fulfilment of whatever one may aspire to as
the result. Thus, any act of giving with the belief in its good result in future
existences is called being worthy of gifts (
dakkhiṇā
). Therefore a worthy gift
means an object that is given, motivated by the belief in a future benefit.
The noble Saṅgha can make that object of offering efficacious as is desired by
the supporter because they are endowed with the four supreme attributes
mentioned above. In that sense, they deserve to receive offerings that are called
worthy (
dakkhiṇā
). Hence they are possessed of the noble attribute of being
worthy of gifts (
dakkhiṇeyya
).
Another interpretation: The noble Saṅgha purify the object that is being offered
(
dakkhiṇā
) in the sense that they bestow the merit on it through their nobility.
Dakkhiṇāya hito dakkhiṇeyyo
, “the noble Saṅgha bestow merit on the offering.”
This is another meaning by which the attribute of being worthy of gifts
(
dakkhiṇeyya
) may be understood.
8. They are worthy of reverential salutation (
añjali-karaṇīyo
). Being endowed
with the four noble qualities based on their right practice, the noble Saṅgha is
worthy of reverential salutation. The term for this attribute is defined as those
wishing to earn merit pay obeisance to these eight noble ones (
ariya
), hence the
noble Saṅgha is worthy of reverential salutation (
añjalī-karaṇīyā etthā ti añjali-
karaṇīyo
).