42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1726
to the sensuous sphere (
kāmāvacara-bhāvanā
). Thus, neighbourhood
concentration or access concentration (
upacāra-jhāna
) is achieved. When this
concentration arises together with the great meritorious consciousness of the
contemplation of the Buddha, which is mental cultivation pertaining to the
sensuous sphere, the meditator is called one who has achieved access
concentration based on the contemplation of the Buddha.
Contemplation of the Buddha can, at best, reach the level of threshold or
neighbourhood concentration (
upacāra-jhāna
) pertaining to the sensuous
sphere only, and not fixed or full absorption (
appaṇā-rūpāvacara-jhāna
).
Why is it so? It is because the attributes of the Buddha are ultimate
phenomena and are too profound to be fully concentrated on up to the full
absorption stage. It is like a vessel that cannot remain stable on very deep
waters.
It might then be asked: “In contemplating the attributes of the Buddha, the
names of the ultimate qualities of the nine attributes, such as Worthiness
(
Arahaṁ
), etc. are still made objects of contemplation. Why are these names said
to be ultimate qualities?” The answer is, again, that the attributes of the Buddha
are so profound that, although at the initial stage of meditation, these names,
such as Worthiness, are made as objects of meditation, when concentration is
developed the mind passes on from mere names to ultimate reality.
Again, one might further ask: “Are not some ultimate qualities such as the first
non-material consciousness (
paṭhamārūpa-viññāṇa
) used as an object of
meditation and full absorption (
appanā-jhāna
), such as the second non-material
absorption, achieved thereby?” That is true, but that is a case of a single object
of meditation. The attributes of the Buddha are not a single object. They are a
complex variety. So the comparison is not valid.
It may then be questioned: “A yogi contemplating on the 32 aspects or parts of
the body, although starting with a number of them, after concentration becomes
developed, fixes his mind on a single aspect or part only and achieves the first
fine-material absorption (
jhāna
). Then why is the same process not true in the
case of the contemplation of the Buddha?” This is not an appropriate analogy.
For, although there are as many as 32 aspects or parts of the body, all of them
have a single reality, which is loathsomeness, which truly becomes the object of
meditation leading to the achievement of full absorption (
appanā-jhāna
). In the
case of the attributes of the Buddha, they are replete with meaning in a variety