42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1714
The attribute
Satthā Deva-manussānaṁ
should not be taken to mean to
cover Devas and humans only. The term
Deva-manussānaṁ
is used to give
prominence to beings of the fortunate existences and who are fit to
become liberated. However, the Buddha also gives appropriate guidance
and counsel to animals so that they also benefit from it and are thereby
equipped with sufficing conditions to attain the paths and fruitions in their
next existence or in their third existence. The commentary gives the
example of Maṇḍūka Devaputta which is related below.
Maṇḍūka Devaputta
At one time, the Buddha was staying at a monastery close to Gaggarā Lake, near
the city of Campā, which served as his place for collecting daily alms food. One
morning, on his usual Buddha routine of entering the absorption of compassion,
he saw that, if he held a discourse in the evening, a frog would come, and being
absorbed in the sound of the Dhamma speech, it would be killed accidentally,
and be reborn in the Deva realm. And that Deva would come to him,
accompanied by his big retinue which would be seen by the large audience who
would gain knowledge of the four truths and so make an end of suffering.
After having this foreknowledge through his absorption of compassion, the
Buddha went into the city of Campā for alms round in the morning. When the
morning meal was finished, he went to the monastery, received the homage paid
by the monastics, and went into seclusion in his scented chamber, spending the
day in the bliss of the absorption of the Arahat fruition.
In the evening, when the four kinds of assembly were gathered at the lecture
hall near Gaggarā Lake, the Buddha came out of his scented chamber, took his
seat in the lecture hall, and delivered a discourse. At that time, a frog came out
from the lake, listened to the voice of the Buddha, and knowing that “this is the
voice of the Dhamma,” was absorbed in it.
Although animals do not have the capacity to understand the meaning of
the discourse, at least they can know the voice as one of Dhamma or
righteousness or as one of wrongness, as the case may be.
Then a cowherd came upon the scene and being deeply impressed by the
Buddha’s splendour in delivering the discourse and the deep silence in which the
audience were listening to the discourse, he stood there leaning on his staff in
hand. He did not notice that there was a frog on whose head his staff was resting.