42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1706
Loka
means that which rises and falls, that undergoes rise and fall. In the
Abhidhamma point of view, the aggregates of living things are called the
aggregates connected with the faculties (
indriya-baddha-khandā
). The
aggregates of non-living things are called the aggregates divested of the
faculties (
anindriya-baddha-khandā
).
1. The aggregates of living things are liable to attachment to visible
objects, and so on, and hence are called
satta
(attached). Since these
aggregates form the bases of merit or demerit that rise and fall, they are
also called (
loka
). Thus, we have the term
satta-loka
(the world of
attached beings).
2. The aggregates of non-living things, such as the infinite world-elements
(
cakka-vāḷa
), the bases of sentient existence (
bhūmi
) and mansions, etc.
are the bases where sentient beings exist, whether they are liable to get
frightened as in the case of worldlings, Stream-enterers and Once-
returners, or are free from fear as in the case of Non-returners and
Arahats, and are called
okāsa
. And since these bases are the places
where sentient beings rise and fall, they are called
loka
. Thus we have
the term
okāsa
-
loka
(the world of what is possible).
3. Both the living things and non-living things are conditioned by causes
and are called conditioned (
saṅkhāra
). The world is subject to rising
and falling, and hence called
loka
. Thus we have the term
saṅkhāra-
loka
(the conditioned world). This conditioned world is fully
understood by the Buddha.
We shall expand on this as explained in The Path of Purification (
Visuddhi-
magga
):
Eko loko sabbe sattā āhāraṭṭhitikā
, “all beings have each its own
conditioning factors; this is a world in itself.”
257
Therefore,
loka
here means the
conditioned world (
saṅkhāra-loka
). This is because although reference is made
to all beings, the crucial point here is the conditioned nature which is causing
the rise and fall of all beings.
[1117]
1. The Buddha has full knowledge about the conditioned world in that he knows
it:
257
[The Path of Discrimination (
Paṭisambhidā-magga
) is quoted here.]