42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1696
attribute and the mind-body continuum of the five aggregates of the Buddha is
the possessor of that attribute.
In both of these interpretations, proceeding to Nibbāna means having Nibbāna
as an object of thought. The going or proceeding here is by means of knowledge
only and does not, indeed cannot, connote the physical act of going which only
applies where a certain geographical place is the destination.
3.
Su
=
Sammā
, well;
gata
, means gone to Nibbāna by means of path-knowledge
(
magga-ñāṇa
). Here the adverb “well” denotes freedom from the defilements.
The going is well since the defilements destroyed by the four path-knowledges
do not arise in the Buddha any more.
In all the above three interpretations the ultimate sense is the same, having
Nibbāna as object of thought through the four paths. This is the first explanation
of Well-gone (
Sugato
) in the brief meaning given earlier on.
4.
Su
=
Sammā
, well;
gata
, speaks appropriately on all occasions. Here the root
gada
is changed into
gata
. The appropriate speech, or speaking well, is further
explained thus: There are six kinds of speech among people; of these six, four
should be rejected, i.e., not resorted to, and only two should be adopted.
1. There is the kind of speech which is not true, which is not beneficial, and not
liked by the other party; for instance, saying that a virtuous person is wicked.
The Buddha avoids this kind of speech.
2. There is the kind of speech which is true but which is of no benefit to, and not
acceptable to, the other party; for instance, calling a bad man a bad man, not
intending to correct him but merely out of malice. The Buddha avoids this kind
of speech also.
3. There is the kind of speech which is true, which is beneficial but is not liked
by the other party hearing it; for instance, referring to Devadatta as the one
heading for Niraya, which was spoken by the Buddha out of compassion for him.
The Buddha speaks this kind of speech when occasion demands it.
4. There is the kind of speech which is not true, which is not beneficial to the
other party, but is liked by him; for instance, quoting the Vedas and claiming
that an evil deed such as killing will lead to the good destinations. The Buddha
avoids this kind of speech also.