42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1692
other persons, so they do not deserve the epithet
Sammā-sambuddha
. They are
only called
Sambuddha
, as in Paccekasambuddha.
Noble disciples (
ariya
) know the Dhamma only with the assistance of some
teachers and they are able to teach it to others, but, since they do not discover
the Dhamma by themselves, they are also not called
Sammā-sambuddha
. They
are only called
Sammā-buddha
, rightly Awakened. The Buddhas are
Sambuddha
,
knowers of the Dhamma and all knowable things through Self-Awakening. They
are also
Sammā-buddha
because they can teach the four truths to their disciples
each according to their capacity, and in the language they can understand. So, a
combination of these two qualities makes the Buddha deserving of the title
Perfectly Self-Awakened, or
Sammā-sambuddha
.
Therefore, the four path-knowledges (
magga-ñāṇa
) that enable the Buddha to
know, unaided, all knowable things with omniscience at the highest level, is this
attribute called
Sammā-sambuddha
. The mind-body continuum of the five
aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of this attribute.
3. He is endowed with the three knowledges (
vijjā-caraṇa-sampanno
).
The one endowed with the three knowledges or the eight knowledges and the
fifteen forms of good conduct. The three knowledges are taught by the Buddha
in the Discourse about Fear and Fright (
Bhaya-bherava-sutta
, MN 4), the eight
knowledges are taught by the Buddha in the Discourse to Ambaṭṭha (
Ambaṭṭha-
sutta
, DN 3). The two ways of teaching knowledge in three categories and eight
categories is adopted by the Buddhas through compassionate consideration of
the mental framework of
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the hearers on each occasion.
The three knowledges:
1. The knowledge of past existences (
pubbe-nivāsa-ñāṇa
). By this knowledge,
the Buddha can see the past existences of himself and other beings.
2. The knowledge of the divine eye (
dibba-cakkhu-ñāṇa
). By this knowledge, the
Buddha can see things at far away places, things concealed, and things too subtle
for the ordinary human eyes to see.
3. The knowledge of the extinction of the pollutants (
āsavakkhaya-ñāṇa
). This is
knowledge of the Arahat fruition (
Arahatta-phala-ñāṇa
) which extinguishes all
four of the pollutants.