42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1691
Ignorance being the source or cause of rebirth is the hub of the wheel. Ageing
and death being the end of a given existence is the tyre of the wheel. The
remaining ten factors, having the hub, ignorance, and the tyre, ageing and death,
as their two extremities, are the spokes of the wheel.
The Buddha has totally destroyed these spokes of the wheel of Saṁsāra.
Therefore the breaking up of the ten factors of dependent origination by the
four strokes of the sword of the paths and fruitions (
magga-ñāṇa
) is the attribute
of
Arahaṁ
in this fourth interpretation. The mind-body continuum of the five
aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of this attribute.
5.
Arahaṁ
can also be interpreted as: “He who is worthy of homage by humans,
Devas and Brahmas.” That is because the Buddha is the noblest person, worthy
of receiving the special offerings of the four monastic requisites by all three
worlds. That is why when the Buddha arises in the world, powerful Devas and
humans do not make their offerings and pay homage to any other deity but the
Buddha.
Let us take some important instances of this fact: Brahma Sahampati made a
special offering of a garland of flowers the size of Mount Sineru to the Buddha.
Other Devas and kings, such as Bimbisāra, Kosala, etc., made the greatest
offerings they could afford to the Buddha; further, after the passing away of the
Buddha, King Asoka spent 960 million to build 84,000 monasteries throughout
Jambudīpa in honour of the Buddha.
Therefore, the incomparable morality (
sīla
), concentration (
samādhi
), wisdom
(
paññā
), emancipation (
vimutti
) and knowledge leading to emancipation
(
vimutti-ñāṇa-dassana
), are the noble qualities that make the Buddha worthy of
homage by humans, Devas and Brahmas, that is, the attribute of
Arahaṁ
. The
mind-body continuum of the five aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of
this attribute.
2. He is perfectly Self-Awakened (
Sammā-sambuddha
).
This is analysed like this:
Sammā
, truly, correctly;
saṁ
, on one’s own;
buddho
knower of all knowable things.
The Buddha discovered the Dhamma by his own intellect and insight, unaided
by anyone. Paccekabuddhas also discover the Dhamma by their own intellect
and insight. But they are not able to teach the Dhamma, which they discover, to