42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1690
spokes of the wheel that arise in the four lower worlds. And likewise,
meritorious volitions pertaining to the formless realm (
aneñjābhisaṅkhāra
), and
cause meritorious actions, make up the spokes of the wheel that arise in the
formless realm.
Of the arising of those three types of volitions, ignorance and craving for
existence are called “the hub,” since the hub is where the turning of the wheel
originates, forming thereby the cause of the cycle of
Saṁsāra. Its force is passed
on to the rim or tyre, figuratively, the result that ends in ageing and death, by
the spokes, the volitions.
In this first mode of presentation, the gist about the twelve factors of
dependent origination is that ignorance and craving are shown as the hub
of the wheel; ageing and death are shown as the tyre; and the three types
of volitions are shown as the spokes of the wheel of Saṁsāra. The
remaining factors of dependent origination are shown as the body of the
carriage in the round of existences.
It is due to the presence of the pollutants (
āsava
) that ignorance (
avijjā
) arises.
Ignorance has its source or cause in the pollutants. As such, the pollutants can be
seen as the axle that is fixed to the hub of ignorance and craving for ignorance.
Thus, in the wheel of Saṁsāra, with the axle of the pollutants fitted to the hub of
ignorance and craving for existence, with the spokes of three volitions and the
tyre of ageing and death, which has been turning since the beginningless
Saṁsāra, that has borne the carriage of existence in the three spheres, the
Buddha has, on his attaining Perfect Awakening, broken into pieces, the spokes
of the wheel by standing on the two feet of mental and physical endeavour,
taking a firm stand on morality (
sīla
), and holding, in his hand of conviction,
the pick-axe of path-knowledge (
magga-ñāṇa
), which is the merit that exhausts
productive deeds (
kamma
).
Therefore, the breaking up of the spokes of the wheel of Saṁsāra by the pick-
axe of the four paths and fruitions (
magga-ñāṇa
) is the attribute of
Arahaṁ
; the
mind-body continuum of the five aggregates of the Buddha is the possessor of
this attribute.
Another explanation:
[1108]
The beginningless round of existences is called the
cycle of Saṁsāra. This cycle, if reviewed in its ultimate sense, is a set of the
twelve factors of dependent origination.