42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1689
the case of a worldling. This is because of lingering tendencies for certain
actions that had repeatedly occurred in the previous existences of the Arahat
concerned, in whom they remain as a residual force even after the destruction of
all defilements.
An example of this phenomenon is found in Ven. Pilinda Vaccha, an Arahat
who lived during the Buddha’s times. He had been, for 500 successive existences,
a Brahmin of a haughty clan. Members of that clan considered every person
outside of their
[1107]
clan as a scoundrel and the future Pilinda Vaccha used to
address all outsiders as “scoundrels.” This habit became ingrained in him for so
long a chain of existences that even after becoming an Arahat, Ven. Pilinda
Vaccha could not help himself while addressing others, though inadvertently, as
“you scoundrel.” This was not through any defilement of conceit of birth but
was merely a habituated action of the past.
3.
Arahaṁ
can be interpreted as: “One who has no secret place for doing evil”
(negative particle
a + raha
). There are some people who pose themselves as wise
men or good men who put on appearances, but who are prone to evil in private.
As for the Buddha, since he has destroyed all defilements absolutely, together
with any proclivity to habitual actions, there can be no secret place for him to do
evil nor does he do any evil in any secret place. This noble quality of having no
secret place for evil is the attribute of
Arahaṁ
, and the Buddha’s mind-body
continuum of five aggregates is the possessor of that attribute.
4.
Arahaṁ
can also mean: “One who has broken up into pieces the spokes that
make up the wheel of existences” (
ara + hata
). Existence in the three spheres,
which are the sensuous sphere, the form realm and the formless realm, are
figuratively called “the carriage of the round of existences.” The continuous
arising of the aggregates (
khandha
), and the sense spheres (
āyatana
) and
elements (
dhātu
) is figuratively called “the wheel of existences,” which is the
essential part of the carriage of the round of existences. In that wheel, there are
ignorance and craving for existence as its hub, while volitions
(
puññābhisaṅkhārā
) that find their expression in meritorious volitions or
meritorious actions pertaining to the sensuous sphere and the form realm make
up the spokes of the wheel that arise in the sensuous sphere and the form realm.
Likewise, demeritorious volitions (
apuññābhisaṅkhārā
) that cause
demeritorious actions pertaining to the four lower worlds (
apāya
) make up the