42: The Attributes of the Three Treasures – 1688
Here the attribute, in the abstract sense, and the possessor of the attribute,
should be distinguished. The former refers to the natural states that arise in the
mental process of the Buddha, while the latter refers to the particular continuum
of the five aggregates wherein those attributes arise. There are five beneficial
qualities included in the attribute of being Worthy. They are:
1. It means the Buddha, who has destroyed by the supermundane path
(
lokuttara-magga
) all the defilements (
kilesa
), numbering 1,500, without leaving
a trace. Defilements may be compared to one’s enemies that always work against
one’s interest and welfare. The defilements were present in the mind-body
continuum of the Bodhisatta; they are called enemies (
ari
). The Buddha, after
meditating on dependent origination called the great diamond insight (
mahā-
vajira-vipassanā
) as mentioned earlier on, attained Supreme Awakening on the
undefeated throne. The four supermundane paths enabled him to destroy all
those defilements group by group. So, the supermundane Dhamma, the four
noble paths, are the attribute called
Arahaṁ
whereas the Buddha’s mind-body
continuum of five aggregates is the possessor of that attribute.
2. Then there is the derivation of the word
Arahaṁ
from its root
araha
, meaning:
“The one who has distanced himself from the defilements.” As explained above,
the Buddha has destroyed all the defilements together with the subtle proclivity
to some form of habit without leaving a trace; not even a vague impression to
suggest their presence. The defilements and the proclivities have no possibility
of ever arising in the Buddha. It is in this sense that the Buddha has distanced
himself from the defilements and the proclivities. He has banished them
thoroughly. This absolute casting off of all defilements together with
proclivities is the attribute of
Arahaṁ
and the Buddha’s mind-body continuum
of five aggregates is the possessor of that attribute. This attribute is derived
from the four noble paths.
The above attributes explained above are not possessed by other Arahats;
they are not entitled to be called
Arahaṁ
. The reason is this: All Arahats
have destroyed all the 1,500 defilements (
kilesa
), but unlike the Buddha,
certain vague impressions or traces of their proclivity to some habits still
remain with them.
The vague impression is some subtle proclivity remaining in the ordinary
Arahat’s mentality that can involuntarily cause some action to arise in him, as in