41a: After the Passing of the Buddha – 1658
answering the questions on the Vinaya. Both took the special seats made for
them and conducted the proceedings. Each section of the Discipline was put as a
question consisting of the subject, the background story, the person that was the
cause of the Buddha’s prescribing the rule, the original rule, the amendment
thereto if any, whether a breach of that rule amounts to an offence or not; and
each question was answered fully under those headings. The Council then put
them on record by reciting in unison, clothing the subject-matter with such
formal expressions as: “At that time,” “It was then that,” “Then,” “When it was
said,” etc. to give cohesion to the matter. The recitals were made in unison: “At
that time the Fortunate One was staying at Verañjā, etc.”
This reciting of the words of the Buddha by the Saṅgha in a special
assembly is called the holding of a Council, or literally, Chanting Together
(
Saṅgāyaṇa
).
When the reciting of the First Expulsion (
Pārājika
) rule was completed, the
great earth trembled
[1323]
vehemently down to the sheet of water that supports
it as if applauding the noble historic event.
The three remaining Expulsion rules were recited in the same manner, as also
were the rest of the 227 rules, each framed as a question and followed by its
answer. The whole of the text, which contains the Rules on Expulsion (
Pārājika
),
Requiring a Meeting of the Saṅgha (
Saṅghādisesa
), the Undecided Rules
(
Aniyata
), and the Confession Rules involving Forfeiture (
Nissagiya-pācittiya
),
all of these together was entitled the Section on Expulsion (
Pārājika-kaṇḍa
); and
together with the Simple Confession Rules (
Suddha-pācittiyā
), the
Acknowledgment Rules (
Pāṭidesanīyā
), the Training Rules (
Sekhiya
) and the
Settling of Legal Issues (
Adhikaraṇa-samathā
) became known as the Analysis of
the Monks’ Rules (
Bhikkhu-vibhaṅga
), and is popularly referred to as the Great
Analysis (
Mahā-vibhaṅga
). It was prescribed as the official text and has since
been taught at the monasteries from generation to generation. At the conclusion
of reciting the Great Analysis, the great earth also shook violently as before.
Then followed the 304 rules of the Analysis of the Nuns’ Rules (
Bhikkhunī-
vibhaṅga
), containing the same sections, but more Rules, recited in the form of
questions and answers as before. This Analysis of the Monks’ Rules and the
Analysis of the Nuns’ Rules together are known as “the Twofold Analysis
(
Ubhato Vibhaṅga
) of 64 recitals (
bhāṇavāra
), or over half a million syllables in
length.” This was prescribed as the official text that has since been taught from