40c: The Last Days 3, In Malla – 1610
of the refuges, performed in succession, he was ordained. After that Subhadda
was brought before the Buddha.
Then the Buddha caused the novice Subhadda to be admitted into the Saṅgha as
a full-fledged monastic (
bhikkhu
) and then taught him the appropriate method
of meditation. Ven. Subhadda sought seclusion in the Sāla grove, went into
meditation in the walking posture alone, by walking up and down. With intent
mindfulness, and striving arduously, he became an Arahat during that very night,
and he was endowed with the four discriminative knowledges (
paṭisambhidā-
ñāṇa
). Then he went to the Buddha and sat there in a worshipping posture. Ven.
Subhadda became one of the Arahats, and he was the last one to become an
Arahat in the presence of the Buddha.
Herein, “the last to become an Arahat in the presence of the Buddha,” may
mean any one of the following: 1) One who was ordained into the Saṅgha
during the time of the Buddha, who was admitted into the Saṅgha as a
monastic after the Buddha’s decease and who learnt insight meditation,
and became an Arahat; 2) one who was ordained and admitted into the
Saṅgha as a monastic during the time of the Buddha who learnt insight-
meditation after the Buddha’s decease and became an Arahat; 3) one who
was ordained and admitted into the Saṅgha as a monastic who learnt
insight-meditation, and became an Arahat after the Buddha’s decease.
Ven. Subhadda was one who was ordained and admitted into the Saṅgha,
who learnt insight-meditation and became an Arahat during the time of
the Buddha. Thus he was the last of those who became an Arahat in the
presence of the Buddha.
Subhadda, according to the Dhamma Verses Commentary
What is related above about Subhadda, the wandering ascetic, is according to
the Long Discourse about the Emancipation (
Mahā-parinibbāna-sutta
, DN 16)
and the commentary thereon. The story of Subhadda, the wandering ascetic, as
described in the commentary on the Dhamma Verses (Dhp 254-255), is briefly
related below: While the Buddha was lying on the couch, his death-bed, in the
Sāla grove, Subhadda, the wandering ascetic, thought to himself: “I have
referred my three questions to wandering ascetics but have not done so to the
ascetic Gotama because he is young. Now, the ascetic Gotama is about to pass
away. If I do not ask my questions to him, I shall have cause to regret later for
failure to do so.”