40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1563
Then apply them to practical problems thus:
1. If a monastic says: “This is the doctrine, this is the Vinaya, this is the
Buddha’s teaching,” citing the authority of the Buddha, or of the Saṅgha,
or of a number of elders, or a certain elder. To decide the veracity of
his statement, apply the test of the four great authorities as taught in the
Discourses: only if the statement accords with these four great
authorities, the statement should be taken as true. Otherwise it must be
regarded as mere hearsay, a case of irresponsible talk.
2. Where a certain problem arises as to whether a certain thing is proper
for a monastic or not, the test is the four great authorities as taught in
the Great Division (Vin
Mahā-vagga
). The commentary on the Great
Division should be consulted for detailed information on the subject. If,
on examining the subject of controversy or doubt in the light of the four
great authorities taught in the Basket of Discipline (
Vinaya-piṭaka
), it
tends to agree with the rules, it should be accepted as being proper;
otherwise it should be considered as being improper.
3. If a question on the doctrine arises, as illustrated above, the answer
should be appropriate to the type of question taught as the four types of
questions.
4. Of the four guides, if the assertion by someone is part of the Discourses
(
Sutta-piṭaka
), as contained in the Three Baskets (
Tipiṭaka
) approved at
the councils, the statement should not be rejected, for rejection of the
Discourses amounts to the rejection of the Buddha himself. If the
assertion is what is in line with Doctrine
(
suttānuloma
) statement, it
should be collated with the Discourses, or with the Three Baskets. If it
agrees with the Discourses, it should be accepted otherwise it should be
rejected. As regards the traditional views held by the elders (
ācariya-
vāda
) or the miscellaneous exposition, there is the possibility of the
commentary not conforming to the Three Baskets due to slackness.
Therefore, the traditional views held by the elders should be collated
with the Three Baskets. Only if it agrees with the Baskets should it then
be accepted; otherwise it should be rejected as something carelessly said.
Own views (
attano mati
), or own opinion, is the weakest of authorities.
It is to be accepted only if it accords with the Three Baskets.