40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1561
There are four types of answers to match the four types of questions:
[1047]
1. A straight question is answered by a categorical statement, e.g. if the
question is: “Is the eye impermanent?” the appropriate answer is: “Yes,
the eye is impermanent.”
2. A question requiring an analysis to answer, e.g. “Is the eye the only
thing that is impermanent?” The answer needs an analysis: “The eye is
not the only thing that is impermanent: the ear also is impermanent; the
tongue also is impermanent; etc.”
3. A question to be replaced by question, e.g. “Is the ear to be regarded as
being the same as the eye? Is the eye to be regarded as being the same as
the ear?” The appropriate reply is: “In what sense is this question put?”
Then if the inquirer says: “In the sense of seeing: is the ear capable of
seeing as the eye is?” The answer then is: “No, it is not.” If again, the
inquirer says: “In respect of its impermanence: is the ear the same as the
eye is?” The answer then is: “Yes, it is.”
4. The type of question that is ignored, e.g. to believers in self (
atta
), there
is life (
jīva
), body (
sarīra
), which are mere names but which do not
exist in the ultimate sense. Therefore if the question is: “Is life the same
as the body?” the proper answer is silence because one understands that
the Buddha himself ignores such a question. The question is of the
nature of talking about the son of a barren woman, which is absurd.
The four guides (
vinaya
).
1. Doctrine (
sutta
) here means the Three Baskets (
Tipiṭaka
).
2. What is in line with Doctrine (
suttānuloma
) means the four great
authorities (
mahāpadesa
) described in the Vinaya and the four great
authorities described in the Discourses.
3. The words of the teachers (
ācariya-vāda
) means the miscellaneous
expositions in elucidation of the doctrines of the Buddha that were
made even during his lifetime at different places. Since they explain the
Pāḷi texts, they were also called commentaries (
aṭṭhakathā
). At the
great Councils, the elders recited the Pāḷi first and at the end of it, they
prescribed the respective commentaries to each division of the texts as
the regular syllabus for elucidation. These learned sayings which were