40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1555
The bone structure being of chain-links, the Buddha’s neck cannot turn
back by itself alone. Therefore, when the Buddha wants to look back, he
has to turn back the whole body, just as an elephant does.
Although it was the Buddha’s intention to turn around to look back, due to the
intervention of the guardian spirit of the great earth, that act was not actually
carried out, for the great earth, as if unable to bear the sight of the Supreme
Being turning around, rotated itself so that the Buddha stood with his person
facing Vesālī. The great earth intervened as if it were saying: “Great Lord, your
fulfilling of the perfections has been unique. So why should there be the need
for the Fortunate One to trouble himself to turn around physically just to look
back as with other ordinary people?” In any case, the expression that: “The
Fortunate One turned around to look back like a tusker,” was used with
reference to the Buddha’s intention to do so.
It might be asked: “Why was Vesālī alone mentioned as the place the
Fortunate One has his last look at, and not other places, such as Sāvatthī,
Rājagaha, Nāḷanda, Pāṭali village, Koṭi village and Nātika village where
he had made his last visit? Did the Fortunate One not look back on those
places as well?”
The answer is no. If the Buddha were to look back on these various places,
the uniqueness of the occasion would be lost.
There is also another reason: Vesālī was a doomed city. It was going to be
destroyed after three years from the Buddha’s last visit there. The Buddha
saw that if he made a turning around to look back like a noble tusker at
Vesālī, that place would be commemorated by the Licchavī princes as:
“The Noble Tusker’s Turning-Around Shrine” which would bring great
benefits to them for a long time. That was the object of the Buddha’s
decision to turn around to look back on Vesālī.
The Four Principles
Then the Buddha, accompanied by his large company of monastics, visited
Bhaṇḍu village and took up his residence there. During his sojourn there he
discoursed to the monastics as follows: “Monastics, it is through not having
proper understanding and penetrative knowledge of four principles that I, as
well as yourselves, have had to fare along the long course of the round of
existences (Saṁsāra), going through from existence to existence. And the four
principles are as follows: