40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1544
“Ānanda,” the Buddha continued, “the Realised One, who has dwelt in the eight
mind masteries of such a nature and has emerged from them, has no fear or
dread at all. That being so, how could anyone say that the Realised One was
afraid of Māra who came to him alone? Ānanda, in relinquishing the life-
maintaining mental process, the Realised One did so fearlessly, with mindfulness
and clear comprehension.”
These words occur in the Miscellaneous Teaching on the Dhamma
(
Pakiṇṇaka-dhamma-desanā
) which was not recited at the Great Council
but was quoted by the commentaries.
The Eight Stages of Release
Then the Buddha without any pause continued to the next subject, on the eight
stages of release (
vimokkha
), in his discourse to Ven. Ānanda thus: “Ānanda,
there are eight stages of release (
vimokkha
). These are:
1. Having attained absorption (
jhāna
) by contemplating on one’s own body,
the yogi contemplates external forms as meditation objects (
kasiṇa
).
This is the first release.
2. Not taking any internal object, without contemplating on one’s own
body, the yogi contemplates external forms as meditation objects
(
kasiṇa
). This the second release.
3. The yogi contemplates the brightness and clarity (
subha
) of the object
of contemplation. This is the third release.
4. Having completely transcended all forms of perception to corporeality
(
rūpa-saññā
), all forms of consciousness arising out of contact between
sense and sense object (
paṭigha-saññā
), having disappeared and
completely disregarding all other forms of multifarious consciousness
(
nānatta-saññā
), the yogi, contemplating infinite space, achieves
concentration on that object of contemplation, and dwells in the sphere
of endless space (
ākāsānañcāyatana-jhāna
). This is the fourth release.
5. Having clearly advanced beyond the absorption on endless space, the
yogi, contemplating that consciousness is infinite, achieves
concentration on that object of contemplation, and dwells in the sphere
of endless consciousness (
viññāṇañcāyatana-jhāna
). This is the fifth
release.