40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1543
sometimes not sufficiently clear. To get the necessary unblemished reflex image
(
paṭibhāga-nimitta
), the yogi has to shift his object of meditation from an
internal form to an external form. Then only can he get the desired sign or
reflex image that can upgrade his concentration till he attains access
concentration (
upacāra
) and full concentration (
appanā
) by stages.
[1036]
The yogi, who begins the preliminary concentration by taking an external form
as an object of meditation, can fulfil all the three stages of concentration: the
preliminary stage (
parikamma-bhāvanā
), the threshold stage (
upacāra-bhāvanā
)
and the absorption stage (
appanā-bhāvanā
).
The objects of concentration may either be small or large. For the yogi who can
achieve mind mastery (
abhibhāyatana-jhāna
) is of very keen intellect so that he
does not find any difficulty on account of the size of the object of concentration.
It is like that of a person of good appetite who can eat a small amount or a big
amount without difficulty. Whether the object of concentration is small or big,
the yogi of this calibre achieves access concentration quickly and then
immediately attains absorption (
appanā-jhāna
), thus overcoming all opposing
mental states such as hindrances.
Regarding the first four of the eight mind masteries, a small form as object of
concentration is suitable for yogis who are ruminative in nature (
vitakka-carita
).
A big form, as object of concentration, is suitable for yogis who have a
bewildered nature (
moha-carita
). An external form of good colour is suitable for
yogis who are irritable by nature (
dosa-carita
). An external form of bad colour
is suitable for yogis who have a strong inclination towards sensuous desire
(
rāga-carita
).
These mind masteries were taught by the Buddha out of his own experience. As
a matter of fact, he had practised them innumerable times. To some people
outside the Buddha’s teaching, an indefinite object can be quite daunting to be
taken as a proper object of concentration, for an indefinite object may be as vast
as the entire physical setting of the world of living things. As for the Buddha the
extent of the object of concentration is infinite. Nothing whatever can therefore
daunt the Buddha’s mind. In discoursing on the eight mind masteries to Ven.
Ānanda, the Buddha intended to let Ven. Ānanda understand the fearless nature
of the Buddha.