40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1539
would think that their king was speaking in a sweet voice. Only after he had
finished the discourse and left the assembly, then the audience could see their
real king and they were left wondering: “Who was there sitting on the throne,
who talked to us in Māgadhī on the Dhamma in such a sweet voice, and who is
gone now? Was he a Deva or was he a man?” They did not know that it was the
Buddha.
It might be asked: “Why did the Buddha discourse on the Dhamma to those
who did not recognize him? What benefit did he see there?” The answer is:
The Buddha taught them to prepare the ground for their Awakening later.
Here’s the explanation: Although those hearers of the Dhamma did not
recognize the Buddha and did not take a real interest in the Dhamma,
since the Dhamma is replete with the excellent qualities such as being well-
delivered (
svākkhāto
), hearing it will serve as a necessary condition for
Awakening in the future to gain the paths and fruitions.
As regards the great many assemblies of Brahmins, we have examples in the
Buddha’s encounters with Soṇadanta, Kūṭadanta, and so on. Similar assemblies
of Brahmins in the other
[1034]
world-elements can also be presumed to have
taken place.
It might be asked: “What benefit did the Fortunate One see in discoursing
on the eight categories of assemblies?” The answer is: The Buddha
discoursed on the eight categories of assemblies to illustrate the fact that
he was fearless.
Here’s the explanation: After describing the eight categories of assemblies,
the Buddha continued: “Ānanda, in going amongst those eight assemblies,
the Realised One had no fear. That being so, how could anyone say that
the Realised One was afraid of Māra who came to him alone? Ānanda, in
relinquishing the life-maintaining mental process, the Realised One did so
fearlessly, with mindfulness and clear comprehension.”
These words are contained in the Miscellaneous Teaching on the Dhamma
(
Pakiṇṇaka-dhamma-desanā
) which was not recited at the Great Council
but was quoted by the commentaries.
Eight Ways of Mastery of the Mind
Then the Buddha continued his discourse without break thus: “Ānanda, there are
eight ways of mind mastery (
abhibhāyatana-jhāna
), and overcoming the