40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1531
aggregates, and with complete calm of mind, he has destroyed the
tenacious defilements that enwrap him like a tight coat of chain-mail.
The meaning of the verse is further expanded:
[1029]
The Buddha gained the
four noble paths paths after cultivating meditation for calm and insight-
meditation. As a brave warrior at the battlefield would cut loose, with his sharp
sword, the tight coat of chain mail that he is wearing, so also the Buddha has
completely destroyed the defilements with the four path-knowledges. Just as
when the tap-roots of a tree are cut off, the fruit-producing potential of the tree
is terminated the moment the defilements are destroyed, the potential for
rebirth that has been cumulating from the beginningless Saṁsāra was
terminated in the mental makeup of the Buddha.
In the statement: “The Fortunate One decided mindfully and with
deliberation to give up the life-maintaining mental process,” mindfully
means the Buddha’s mind dwelled at all moments on the four foundations
of steadfast mindfulness: body, sensations, mind and mind objects.
Reflecting wisely on these four foundations, he recalled how he had borne
the burden of the five aggregates over such a long, weary journey of
Saṁsāra, and that he was now free from the burden; and that to enable
him to cast aside this burden, he had for over four immeasurable periods
(
asaṅkhyeyya
) and 100,000 aeons fulfilled the perfections, the
prerequisites for the noble path. Now that he was established in the path
which he had long aspired after, he was able to dwell on the four
foundations of mindfulness, having had penetrative insight into the
loathsomeness, suffering, impermanence and non-self of conditioned
phenomena.
“With deliberation,” means the Buddha pondered on the benefits he had
brought for himself and for others. For his own benefit, he had obtained
his goal of Buddhahood at the foot of the Bodhi tree. As for the benefit for
others he had, by his teaching the Dhamma, caused the multitudes to gain
liberation from the round of suffering (
dukkha
). He would be bringing an
end to that mission in the next three months, on the full moon of May
(
Vesākha
). These thoughts which the Buddha considered led to the
decision, by means of his Buddha-knowledge, to give up the life-
maintaining mental process.
In the expression: “To give up the life-maintaining mental process (
āyu-
saṅkhāra
),” it is a term capable of two meanings, the interaction of mind
and matter kept going by the process that sustains life, conditioned by