40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1519
The Buddha’s Last Rains Retreat
Then the Buddha, after staying at Ambapālī’s Mango Grove for as long as he
wished, told Ven. Ānanda his wish to go to Veḷuva village in the vicinity of
Vesālī and he proceeded there accompanied by a big company of monastics.
During his stay at Veḷuva village the Buddha said to the monastics: “Monastics,
enter upon the Rains Retreat (
Vassa
) in the vicinity of Vesālī at the monasteries
of your friends and acquaintances. As for me, I am going to pass the Rains
Retreat in this Veḷuva village.”
“Very well, venerable sir,” the monastics replied, and they entered into the
Rains Retreat at the monasteries of friends and acquaintances in the vicinity of
Vesālī. The Buddha himself entered the Rains Retreat at Veḷuva village.
The Buddha told the monastics to dwell during the Rains Retreat period in
the various monasteries in the neighbourhood of Vesālī because Veḷuva
village was too small to provide daily alms food to a great number of
monastics whereas the many monasteries around Vesālī could collect alms
food without difficulty.
The reason for the Buddha’s orders to the monastics to stay not far away
from Vesālī was that he knew that he would enter Parinibbāna in the next
ten months, so if the monastics were allowed to go and dwell at far away
places, some of them might not be able to pay their last respects to him
when he passed away, and they would feel very sorry for the lack of any
hint from him about his oncoming demise. By staying around Vesālī, they
could get the opportunity of listening to his discourses, eight times a month.
So it was out of compassion for the monastics that the Buddha limited the
area of Rains Retreat (
Vassa
) dwelling for the monastics to the
neighbourhood of Vesālī.
[1022]
A Severe Illness
After the Buddha had entered into the Rains Retreat (
Vassa
) period at Veḷuva
village he was afflicted with a very severe illness that caused excessive pain near
unto death. He bore the pain and neutralised it by remaining mindful with clear
comprehension, having insight knowledge that reflected on the impermanence,
suffering, and unsubstantiality of sensation. It now occurred to him: “It would
not be proper for me to pass away in the attainment of Nibbāna without letting
the attendant monastics know, without taking leave of the Saṅgha. It would be
well for me to keep off this ailment by insight meditation (
vipassanā-bhāvanā
),