40b: The Last Days 2, In Vajji – 1479
3. Clear faith (
pasāda-saddhā
) refers to the depth of conviction in the
Three Treasures such as that of Mahākappina. When he heard the
words: “Buddha, Dhamma, Saṅgha,” he had a deep faith in the noble
qualities of the Buddha such as: “The Buddha has analytical knowledge
of all things,” and so on, and this faith arose in him without being
tutored by others about the attributes of the Buddha, the Dhamma, or
Saṅgha.
4. Trusting faith (
okappana-saddhā
) refers to conviction after considered
judgment regarding the Buddha, Dhamma, Saṅgha when others make
mention about them. After well considered judgment, the holder of this
kind of faith has unshakable conviction in the Three Treasures like that
of a noble one (
ariya
) who has realized the truth.
In the present context about the first factor of non-decline, clear faith and
trusting faith are meant.
2-3. In the second and third things that prevent decline, the distinction between
conscience (
hiri
) and concern (
ottapa
) should be understood by means of this
analogy: Let us say, there are two balls of iron, the first is cool but is smeared
with human excreta, the second is just a red hot iron ball. A wise man would not
touch the first iron ball lest he would pollute his hand, and he would not touch
the second one lest his hand would get burnt. Likewise, a wise
[998]
person
abhors wrong doing because he detests it for its shameful quality; his sense of
conscience to do wrong doing is called conscience (
hiri
). He is concerned about
wrong doing because he is full of apprehension about the consequences, both
here and in the hereafter; his concern about doing wrong doing is called concern
(
ottappa
).
4. In the fourth thing that prevents decline: “A person of vast learning” means
one who is well read in the Pāḷi texts and doctrine (
pariyatti
), and one who has
penetrative knowledge of the truth, that is, one who has gained supermundane
knowledge (
paṭivedha
). In the present context the first meaning should be taken.
Of the type of persons well-read in the canon, there are these four kinds:
1. A monastic who needs no guidance in the interpretation of the canon.
2. A monastic who is fit to head a monastery.
3. A monastic who can give advice and instructions to female monastics.