39b: Sakka’s Questions – 1442
should not be adopted. Refraining from transgressing the four evil
verbal actions in one’s speech is verbal action that should be adopted.
3. Quest (
pariyesana
) involves physical and verbal actions. It is covered by
bodily conduct and verbal conduct, except that in defining the eight
precepts with right livelihood as the eighth (
ājīva-aṭṭhamaka-sīla
),
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the specific term quest needs to be mentioned because these eight
precepts involve actions at the body-door and verbal-door, and not
without effort. Quest is essentially the effort needed in making the
quest.
4. Quest is of two kinds, ignoble and noble. The two kinds of quest are
described in the Discourse on the Heap of Snares (
Pāsarāsi-sutta
, MN
26), which is also known as the Discourse on the Noble Quest (
Ariya-
pariyesana-sutta
). The gist of the teaching is this: Where someone, who
himself is subject to birth, ageing, death and destruction, seeks things
animate, such as a wife, children, servants, cattle, poultry, etc., and
inanimate, such as gold and silver, etc., which are also subject to birth,
ageing and death, or, arising, decay and dissolution, this amounts to an
ignoble quest (
anariya-pariyesana
), the quest that should not be taken
up. If someone who is himself subject to birth, ageing and death, sees
the fault in seeking things animate or inanimate, and seeks the deathless
Nibbāna where no rebirth occurs, this is called a noble quest (
ariya-
pariyesana
), and this is the quest that should be
[974]
taken up.
5. Explained in another way: There are five ways of seeking gains that are
not proper for monastics, namely: 1) By scheming, such as creating a
favourable or highly admirable impression of oneself with the lay
supporters; 2) by flattering or extolling the lay supporters; 3) by hinting
at a suitable occasion for making offerings; 4) by belittling the lay
supporters for their alleged close-fistedness; and 5) by pursuing gain
with gain by making gifts to lay supporters with the expectation of
receiving offerings from them in return.
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Refraining from killing living creatures, taking what has not been given, sexual
misconduct, false speech, divisive speech, harsh speech, frivolous speech and wrong
livelihood.