39b: Sakka’s Questions – 1425
primary four elements (
bhūta-rūpa
) and secondary elements (
upādāya-rūpa
).
Thus, the truth that contact and its associating four mental factors arise
dependent on the body is understood. The basis, where the mental factors arise,
is seen in its reality as physical phenomena or matter (
rūpa
); and that the five
associated factors headed by contact is mental phenomena or mind (
nāma
); and
that there is just mind and matter (
nāma-rūpa
) and nothing else. Between the
two interrelated phenomena, matter comprises the aggregate of corporeality;
mind comprises the four mental aggregates. Thus, there are just the five
aggregates (
khandha
). Indeed, there is no aggregate apart from mind and matter;
there is no mind or matter apart from the five aggregates.
The yogi then contemplates: “What is the cause of the arising of the five
aggregates?” He understands fundamentally and truly that the five aggregates
arise due to ignorance (
avijjā
), craving (
taṇhā
) and deeds (
kamma
). Thus, he
understands that the continued phenomenon of the five aggregates is the effect
of this cause: Ignorance, craving and deeds,
and that apart from cause and effect
there is nothing that can truly be called a person or a being, and that all are
aggregates of conditioned phenomena. Thus, having comprehended that mind
and matter arise from a cause, the yogi continually contemplates on the
impermanence, suffering, and non-self (
anicca, dukkha, anatta
) of mind and
matter, thereby gaining insight into the mind-matter complex stage by stage.
This effort and its rewards indicate strong insight (
balava-vipassanā
).
The yogi, who has advanced to this high level of insight, becomes very eager to
attain the paths and fruitions. He strives for the development of insight,
encouraging himself with the thought: “I am going to achieve the paths,
fruitions and Nibbāna even today.” When four appropriate factors: weather,
associates, food, and discourse that are conducive to his Awakening are present
together, he attains path-knowledge. And even at one sitting of meditation, the
culmination of insight development may be realized and he becomes an Arahat.
In the above manner, the Buddha has already shown how a yogi, to whom
contact is
[961]
comprehended, or sensation is comprehended, or consciousness
is comprehended, may gain Awakening through proper insight development.
In the Discourse about Sakka’s Questions the Buddha discourses on
contemplation of mental phenomena, concentrating on sensation (
vedanā
) as the
meditation subject appropriate for Sakka. This is so because Devas
,
including
Sakka, will not find either contact (
phassa
) or consciousness (
viññāṇa
) as