39b: Sakka’s Questions – 1415
an object of his liking. For a lay person, there are his children and his
possessions, such as elephants, horses or cattle, which are objects of his liking.
When the monastic or the lay person is away from them, even for a short time,
he feels uneasy. When the monastic or the lay person sees someone else having
similar objects, there arises in that monastic or lay person envy against the other
person. If some other person were to come and ask that monastic or lay person
to loan him that favourite pupil of the monastic
,
or the children or elephant or
horse of the lay person, for some purpose, even for a short time, the monastic or
lay person would refuse, saying: “I cannot loan him to you. He will get tired or
feel bored.” In this manner, there arises both envy and stinginess on account of
some object of one’s liking.
Again, for monastics, there are monastic requisites, such as alms bowl or robes,
which are objects that he likes. For lay persons, there are various possessions,
such as clothing and ornaments, which are objects that he or she likes. When
that monastic or lay person sees someone else having similar objects of that
other person’s liking, that monastic or lay person has an evil thought: “Oh it
would be well if that person did not have those agreeable things!” This is envy.
If someone were to ask that monastic or lay person to loan, for a short time, that
property of his fancy, the monastic or lay person would refuse, saying: “Ah!
That is not possible. I value that thing so much that I very seldom use it myself.”
This is how an object of one’s liking gives rise to stinginess.
Furthermore, whether for a monastic or a lay person, there are persons or things
such as a wayward pupil or child, or an inferior article in his or her possession.
Although those persons and things are actually not likeable persons or things,
yet, due to the deluding nature of defilements, these very persons and things
become objects of their liking. That monastic or lay person feels satisfaction
about those persons or things. “Who else can have such valuable assets?” they
think. Thus entertaining thoughts of self-admiration on account of greed (
lobha
)
for these possessions, envy, the evil desire to deny others of those kinds of
possessions, arises. This is envy that springs from self-esteem and that arises due
to the likelihood or possibility of other persons coming into possession of the
kind of things one possesses.
In another way: As in the aforesaid case where one entertains thoughts of self-
admiration on account of greed for their possessions of no intrinsic worth, one