39b: Sakka’s Questions – 1409
teaching the doctrine. The one with envy is all the time thinking about the
decline of the successful monastic. If the latter does sink in popularity, the
former is pleased. In this manner, the character of envy should be known
as begrudging other’s well-being and feeling displeased with other’s gains.
It is in the nature of envy to feel irritated by some gain that someone is
enjoying as a matter of fact. Even the likelihood of someone meeting with
some good fortune cannot be tolerated by envy. Envy longs for another
person’s failure and downfall.
Stinginess, Miserliness or Meanness
Stinginess (
macchariya
) is also called meanness. It is a mean attitude concerning
one’s own possessions.
1. It is characterized by a secretiveness about one’s gains or status already
enjoyed or about to enjoy. One oppressed by stinginess, an evil state of
mind, is secretive about his success.
2. Stinginess functions as a reluctant attitude about one’s own good
fortune; the reluctance is the attitude that no one should enjoy similar
fortune. One oppressed by stinginess is loath to share his gains or status
with someone else. This meanness is the function of stinginess.
3. Stinginess is manifested as unwillingness to share one’s gain or status
with any other person. If perforce when there is occasion to share it, the
stingy person feels very strongly against it. Or put it in another way, if
it comes to sharing his property with someone or making any donation
to someone, he would part with a very tiny portion of it reluctantly.
4. The proximate cause of stinginess is one’s own possession or rights.
To a wise one with insight, stinginess is manifested as meanness about
one’s property or rights. This is the natural manifestation. Considered
from another angle, stinginess manifests itself in anger when one is forced
to part with one’s property or rights. This is manifestation by way of
function, how the manifestation works itself out. Or yet viewed in another
way,
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it manifests itself as parting with only an insignificant part of
one’s possession under unavoidable circumstances, i.e., giving away merely
a trifle which does not amount to a really meaningful gift. This is the
manifestation as result.