39b: Sakka’s Questions – 1408
danger amidst enemies, sorrow and anger. This is due to envy (
issā
) and
stinginess (
macchariya
).
Envy and Stinginess
Here envy (
issā
) means begrudging other’s well-being and status.
1. It has the character of feeling displeased with another’s gain, whether
already acquired or about to acquire. When the sign or character of the
displeasure in someone who begrudges another
[950]
person’s gain is
noticed, the fact of the arising of envy in that person should be known
through the knowledge of Abhidhamma, the ultimate truth about
mental phenomena.
2. Envy has the function of dissatisfaction with others prosperity. It is the
function of envy to feel distressed to get annoyed, when someone sees
or hears of another’s gain.
3. Envy is manifest to the insight of the yogi, as turning away from others’
well-being. To the yogi, who has insight into mental phenomena, the
result of envy is manifested as the turning away in disgust from the
success and well-being of others. Of the four kinds of manifestation,
this is the manifestation of result.
4. The proximate cause of envy is other people’s well-being or status. Envy
arises due to another person’s prosperity. If one has no occasion to see
or hear of another person’s wealth, there is no cause for envy to arise.
The character of envy that reveals itself as begrudging others well-being
and status should be explained regarding both lay persons and monastics.
To wit, someone may have acquired through his own effort and qualities,
in any form of enterprise, valuable things, such as vehicles or horses or
cattle or precious stones.
Another person, with envy in him, may find it an eyesore to see that
successful man prosper. He is very displeased with the other man’s good
fortune. “When will this fellow meet his downfall? How I wish he would
become a pauper!” Such evil thoughts occupy the envious person. And if
the successful man does meet with bad fortune, the envious one rejoices to
see it.
An envious monastic sees another monastic surrounded by fame and
followers on account of the latter’s learnedness and efforts such as