39b: Sakka’s Questions – 1396
They reflected on their situation thus: “Persons who are established in morality
can wish for any of the six Deva realms. Persons who have attained absorption
(
jhāna
) usually are reborn in the Brahma realms. Yet we have not been able to
get rebirth in the higher Deva realms or in the Brahma realms. The young lady,
who followed our instructions, is now reborn in a higher Deva realm. Although
we were monastics and practised the noble path under the Fortunate One, we are
reborn as Gandhabbas, which are an inferior class of Devas
.
This is due to our
liking for Gandhabba existence where we had been repeatedly reborn before.
That is the reason why this Deva Gopaka is speaking words of rebuke.” Then
two of them took these words to heart and regained mindfulness of the first
absorption (
jhāna
) and, based on that concentration, they contemplated on the
impermanence, suffering and non-self nature of mind and matter, conditioned
by causes, and attained Non-returner (
Anāgāmi-phala
) there and then.
A Non-returner (
Anāgāmi-puggala
) has a class of supermundane consciousness
that does not fit well with the five aggregates pertaining to the Gandhabba
existence of the sensuous sphere; that class of consciousness is superior to that of
the sense sphere existence. Hence as soon as the path of Non-returner (
Anāgāmi-
magga
) was attained, these two noble Devas passed away from the Deva
existence and were reborn in the Brahmapurohita realm, the middle plane of the
three fine-material realms, because they had attained the first absorption (
jhāna
)
which is the medium class of meditation. Although it is said that they were
reborn in the Brahmapurohita realm, their bodies did not appear in that Brahma
realm. They remained in Tāvatiṁsa Realm at the Assembly Hall for the
discussion of the Dhamma in the form of Brahmapurohita Brahmas instead of in
Gandhabba forms.
The third Gandhabba was unable to give up his clinging to the Gandhabba
existence and so remained in his present existence as a Catumahārājikā Deva.
After Sakka, lord of the Devas, had related in prose to the Buddha the story of
Deva Gopaka, he further spoke in fifteen verses on the same subject. Then in
three more verses, he sang in praise of the Buddha’s attributes, the teaching of
the Buddha, and the purpose of his visit which was to attain the supermundane
paths and fruitions like that attained by those two Brahmas. He then concluded
his last three verses with a request that if the Buddha would permit him to put
certain questions and hear the Buddha’s answers on them. The last of Sakka’s
eighteen verses is as follows: