1372
39a: The Discourse about Āṭānāṭiya
[The following is based on the Discourse about Āṭānāṭiya (
Āṭānāṭiya-sutta
,
DN 32) and its commentary.]
The Four Great Kings
At one time, the Buddha was staying in the monastery on the Gijjakūṭa Hill near
Rājagaha. During that time the Four Great Kings of the four quarters:
Dhataraṭṭha, Virūḷaka, Virūpakkha and Kuvera held a conference at the
celestial city of Āṭānāṭiya, the abode of Kuvera. After they had carefully
arranged for the defences of Tāvatiṁsa, the abode of Sakka, the Lord of the
Devas, against the Asuras, at the four directions, by employing hordes of
Yakkhas, Gandhabbas, Kumbhaṇḍas, and Nāgas, they composed verses called
the Āṭānāṭiya Safeguard (
Āṭānāṭiya-paritta
, aka as
Āṭānāṭiya-sutta
, DN 32) on
the subject of the seven Buddhas preceding Buddha Gotama. “Whosoever
disregards and goes against the authority of the Buddhas’ doctrine and the
authority of our commandments shall be meted out specific punishments,” they
proclaimed. They also placed at the four quarters a large number of Yakkhas,
Gandhabbas, Kumbhaṇḍas, and Nāgas for their own protection. Around
midnight, they went to the Buddha in resplendent appearance, their personal
radiance flooding the entire Gijjhakūṭa Hill. After having approached the
Buddha, and paying respects to him, they sat at a suitable distance.
It was unusual for Devas to sit in the Buddhas’ presence, they usually
remained standing. But here they were sitting, out of reverence for the
Āṭānāṭiya Safeguard.
The company of Yakkhas who came with the Four Great Kings behaved in
different ways in the presence of the Buddha; some of them made obeisance to
him and sat in a suitable place; some exchanged words of felicitations and sat in
a suitable place; some raised their joined palms in his direction and sat in a
suitable place; some declared their names and lineage and sat in a suitable place;
some sat down while remaining silent.
At that assembly of Devas, Vessavaṇa addressed the Buddha in these words:
“Venerable sir, among the very powerful Yakkhas, some have pious faith in the
Fortunate One while others have not. It is the same with Yakkhas of middling
powers and those of small powers. Venerable sir, most Yakkhas do not have
reverence for the Fortunate One because the Fortunate One preaches restraint