37b: Ajātasattu – 1337
7. Destruction of refuge.
1. Refuge (
saraṇa
). The Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha are the threefold
refuge (
saraṇa
) because those who seek its protection, overcome their fear,
alarm, physical and mental suffering and various miseries in the lower worlds
after death. In other words, the Buddha helps beings overcome various perils by
contributing to their welfare and averting their misfortunes. So does the
Dhamma by making beings free from hardships of life and consoling them. And
so does the Saṅgha by making them gain a great benefit even from a few good
acts. Hence the Buddha, the Dhamma and the Saṅgha constitute the real
threefold refuge that ensures that beings have freedom from all suffering.
2. Going for refuge (
saraṇa-gamana
). This consists of great wholesome
consciousness (
mahā-kusala-citta
) that makes one inclined towards the Three
Treasures by removing defiling and unwholesome mental states through
devotion and veneration to the Three Treasures, great consciousness of action
(
mahā-kiriya-citta
) regarding the Arahats, and path consciousness (
magga-citta
)
regarding the noble ones established in the path (
maggaṭṭha-ariya
). All these
forms of consciousness are called going for refuge (
saraṇa-gamana
). Conviction
that refuge in the Three Treasures is the real factor that eliminates fear and
suffering by means of such consciousness is going for refuge. This is the
definition.
3. Person established in refuge. A person who has the consciousness described
above is one who is established in the threefold refuge. Thus we should first
understand the three aspects: 1) Refuge; 2) going for refuge; and 3) the person
established in going for refuge.
4. Forms of refuge. It is of two forms: Supermundane and mundane.
Supramundane going for refuge is implicit by way of fulfilment of the function
in a single thought-moment when the noble ones (
ariya
) realize the four truths
and attain the paths, thereby overcoming all defilements and focusing their
minds on Nibbāna.
By this is meant the supermundane going for refuge (
saraṇa-gamana
) is
path-consciousness, path-consciousness is focused on Nibbāna, and this
means uprooting the defilements that make the going for refuge impure.
So, although the path-consciousness arises from the focus not on the Three
Treasures but on Nibbāna, the fulfilment of its function involves the
recognition of the Three Treasures as the real refuge. In other words, at