37a: Devadatta – 1311
because of his physical weakness and who can make spiritual progress only
if he practises the Dhamma in the village monastery; the monk who will
make spiritual progress either in the forest hermitage or in the village
monastery by virtue of his physical strength and forbearance; and the
monk who at most understands the words (
pada-parama
) who will make
no spiritual progress in spite of his effort either in the forest or the village
monastery.
The Buddha wants only the monk of the first kind to live in a forest
hermitage. The hermitage is a proper abode for him and following his
example, his disciples will want to live in the forests. The Buddha wants
the second type to live in a village monastery.
According to the Buddha, the monk of the third type should live only in a
forest hermitage. The forest hermitage is good for him and following his
example, his disciples will want to live there.
As for the monk who will not make much spiritual progress in this life
(
pada-parama
), the Buddha wants him to live in a forest hermitage.
Practice of austerities (
dhutaṅga
) and meditation in the forest hermitage
will contribute to his attainment of the paths and fruitions in his next life
and he will be a living example for his disciples.
[892]
Thus, when the Buddha says is let a monk live in a monastery near a
village according to his desire, he means a monk who cannot live in the
forest because of his physical weakness and who will achieve his spiritual
goal only if he practises the Dhamma in a village monastery. This
concession also enables other monks to live in the village monastery.
If the Buddha accepted Devadatta’s demands, it would rule out the
possibility of spiritual progress for two kinds of monks: One who is
physically weak and the monk who lived in the forest when he was young
but who cannot live there in his old age owing to a decline in health and so
has to live in the village monastery to achieve his spiritual goal. For these
reasons the Buddha rejected Devadatta’s demands.
Schism
Devadatta was delighted when the Buddha refused to comply with his five
demands. Together with his followers, Kokālika, Kaṭamodaka Tissaka, the son
of Queen Khaṇḍā, and Samuddadatta, he rose, paid respects to the Buddha, and
went away.