35d: Ambaṭṭha and his pupil Pokkharasāti – 1260
Then the Buddha, desiring to point out the supreme, transcendent knowledge
and good conduct, leaving aside the three Vedas and the five precepts that are
bound up with the well-known caste system of Brahmanism, said: “Ambaṭṭha, in
the matter of possessing supreme transcendent knowledge and good conduct,
you should never utter words such as: ‘You are fit for me’ or ‘You are not fit for
me,’ words that stem from attachment to birth, attachment to clan and
attachment to pride.
Ambaṭṭha, only in a human society with its marriage customs involving the
taking or giving of a daughter, should you ever utter words that stem from
attachment to birth, clan and pride, words such as: ‘You are fit for me’ or ‘You
are not fit for me’.
Ambaṭṭha, those, who cling to words stemming from attachment to birth (
jāti-
vāda
), words stemming from attachment to clan (
gotta-vāda
), words stemming
from attachment to pride (
māna-vāda
) and words stemming from attachment to
marriages that involve the taking or giving of a daughter, are far from
possession of the supreme, transcendent knowledge and good conduct.
Ambaṭṭha, one can realize the supreme, transcendent knowledge and good
conduct only if one overcomes attachment to birth, attachment to clan,
attachment to pride, attachment to marriages that involve the giving or taking
of a daughter.”
Then Ambaṭṭha thought: “It has been our belief that we are in possession of
knowledge and practice. But just as a violent storm gets rid of husks of grain, the
monk Gotama has explained to us the true knowledge and good conduct. The
monk Gotama insists and extols only this supreme knowledge and good conduct
which we cannot grasp. We should know the knowledge and good conduct
which this monk Gotama talks about,” and again he asked the Buddha: “Friend
Gotama, what is wisdom and what is practice?”
Then, as in the Discourse on the Fruits of the Ascetic Life (
Sāmañña-phala-sutta
,
DN 2), the Buddha gave a talk on the supreme, transcendent knowledge and
good conduct, section by section, beginning with the appearance of the Buddha
and ending in the attainment of Awakening.
The Four Paths of Failure
Then the Buddha pointed out to Ambaṭṭha the four paths of failure of
knowledge and good conduct. The four paths are: