33c: The 16th Rains Retreat (Āḷavaka) – 1100
How or by what does one overcome the round of suffering? How or by
what does one cleanse oneself of mental impurities?
When the Yakkha had questioned him thus, the Buddha uttered the following
verse as he wished to answer as before (Snp 186):
Saddhā tarati oghaṁ, appamādena aṇṇavaṁ,
vīriyena dukkham-acceti, paññāya parisujjhati.
Friend by the name of Āḷavaka! By faith (
saddhā
) one crosses over the
four rough whirlpools, by heedfulness (
appamāda
), which is repeated
performance of the ten wholesome deeds, one crosses over the ocean of
Saṁsāra; by energy (
viriya
) one overcomes the round of suffering; by
wisdom (
paññā
) one cleanses oneself of mental impurities.
Herein, he who crosses over the four whirlpools, can also cross over the
ocean of Saṁsāra, can overcome the round of suffering and be aloof from
moral impurities; but: 1) He who lacks faith (
saddhā
), as he does not
believe in the worthy practice of crossing over the four whirlpools, cannot
engage in meditation which is the crossing over. Therefore, he cannot go
beyond them; 2) he who neglects the crossing by indulging in the five
sensual pleasures, as he holds fast to these very pleasures, cannot get
beyond the ocean of Saṁsāra; 3) he who is not energetic but indolent, by
mixing with unwholesome things, lives miserably; 4) a fool, as he does not
know the good path of practice leading to the purification of moral
impurities, cannot get away from such mental defilements. Hence the
Buddha’s answer revealing faith as
[780]
opposed to faithlessness
(
asaddhiya
), heedfulness (
appamāda
) as opposed to heedlessness (
pamāda
),
energy (
viriya
) as opposed to indolence (
kosajja
) and wisdom (
paññā
) as
opposed to delusion (
moha
).
Again in this answering verse faith or the faculty of faith is the
fundamental cause of the four factors of Stream-winning (
Sotāpatti-y-
aṅga
): an association with the virtuous (
sappurisa-saṁseva
), listening to
the law of the virtuous (
saddhamma-savaṇa
), proper contemplation
(
yoniso-manasikara
), and engagement in tranquillity and insight
meditation in accordance with the ninefold supermundane Dhamma
(
dhammānudhamma-paṭipatti
).
Only the possession of faith leads to the development of the four factors of
the Stream-winning factors, and only the development of these four
factors leads to Stream-entry (
Sotāpatti
), or the winning of the stream.
Hence by the first answer in the verse reading:
Saddhāya tarati oghaṁ
,