31: The 12th Year (Rāhula) – 1046
meditation of mindfulness on the in-breath and out-breath. I will take up his
instruction. In fact, one who does not follow the advice of one’s preceptor is one
who is hard to exhort (
dubbaca
). There is no worse oppression for me than a
censure by my fellow-monks saying: ‘Rāhula is hard to exhort; he does not even
follow his preceptor’s advice!’ ”
Desiring to ask about the meditation of mindfulness on the in-breath and out-
breath, he came out from his cell, and approached the Buddha. Paying obeisance
most respectfully, he sat down in a blameless place, and asked: “Exalted Buddha,
how is the meditation of mindfulness on the in-breath and out-breath developed?
How is it repeatedly developed so that it becomes to be of great benefit?” Then
the Buddha explained to Rāhula in detail:
1. How to develop meditation: On the 20 portions (
koṭṭhāsa
) of the earth
element, on the twelve portions of the water element, on the four
portions of the fire element, on the six portions of the wind element
which altogether are the great elements (
mahā-bhūta
), on the space
element which is a dependent matter (
upādā-rūpa
).
2. How to develop meditation on the unshakable signs (
tādi-bhava-
lakkhaṇa
), the characteristics of which are similar to those of the
elements of earth, water, fire, wind and space: On loving-kindness
(
mettā
); on compassion (
karuṇā
); on altruistic joy (
muditā
); on
equanimity (
upekkhā
); on unpleasantness (
asubha
); on the perception of
impermanence (
anicca-saññā
); the Buddha gave a discourse which
included the advantages urging him to practise all these forms of
meditation.
On the meditation of mindfulness on the in-breath and out-breath, which
formed the original question put forth by Rāhula; the Buddha explained it in
detail, showing the benefit derived therefrom.
Discourses to Ven. Rāhula
Several discourses were delivered to Ven. Rāhula by the Buddha:
1. The Questions for a Novice (
Sāmaṇera-pañha
, Khp 4)
.
2. The Advice to Rāhula
[748]
given in Ambalaṭṭhika Park (
Ambalaṭṭhika-
rāhulovāda-sutta
, MN 61).