30: The 12th Rains Retreat (Famine) – 1031
before seeing the transgression, others would abuse, blame privately and
censure publicly as follows: “Why does the monk Gotama bind us to these
rules, taking for granted that the Saṅgha of monks adheres to him and
follows his words? Why did he lay down the Expulsion rules? Have not
these clansmen become monks after renouncing their great luxury, vast
circles of relatives and princely wealth that they had in their possession?
Are they not content with what is just enough for their food and what is
just enough for their clothing, and do they not abide with extreme respect
in the threefold training and without regard for their bodies and lives?
Among such good men, who would indulge in such worldly practices
(
loka-āmisa
) as sexual intercourse, stealing another’s property, taking
another’s life, earning his living by falsely claiming attainments.
Even if the four Expulsion rules were not laid down, has it not been made
clear that sexual intercourse, stealing, etc., are not proper, not practicable,
for even while as a novice one keeps the precepts, saying: ‘I take upon
myself the rule of staying away from taking life,’ and so on?” Such would
have incurred private abuse, blame and public censure.
Moreover, probably the Buddha’s wisdom would not have been known to
beings. The rules that had been laid down would have been destroyed.
They would not have lasted. To use a worldly simile, a medical doctor
lacking in skill sends for a man who has no ulcer yet but who would soon
suffer from an ulcer and says: “Come, man, on this part of your body there
will appear an ulcer, bringing no benefit but threatening your life. Get it
treated early!” – “Very well, sir. Can you yourself give treatment to it?”
Saying thus the man submits himself to the doctor, who then gives surgical
treatment to that part of the man’s body without an ulcer and causing the
skin to become normal by taking out the blood, applying the medicine,
dressing, cleaning, and so on. Thereafter, he asks the man saying: “I have
cured your ulcer. Give me the cost of the medicine!”
The man who has been medically treated may then privately abuse, blame
and openly censure the surgeon without skill in his presence, saying:
“What is this foolish doctor talking about? Which disease of mine has been
cured by this foolish doctor? As a matter of fact, has not the stupid
surgeon caused trouble to me? Has he not removed part of my body?” The
man may not feel grateful to the doctor.
In the same way, had the Buddha laid down the rules for his disciples
before the actual wrongdoings happened, he would not have escaped
private abuse, and so on. His wisdom might not have been known to beings.