30: The 12th Rains Retreat (Famine) – 1030
wrongdoings, does the Buddha lay down rules and proclaim the
Monastic Rules.
4. Dear Sāriputta, as long as the Saṅgha does not know many gains there
do not take place in it some wrongdoings which are the basis for the
pollutants in this Dispensation. Dear Sāriputta, when the Saṅgha knows
many gains and there take place in it some wrongdoings which are the
basis for the pollutants in this Dispensation, then only for the benefit of
eliminating those wrongdoings, does the Buddha lay down rules and
proclaim Monastic Rules.
5. Dear Sāriputta, as long as the Saṅgha does not have much knowledge
there do not take place in it some wrongdoings which are the basis for
the pollutants in this Dispensation. Dear Sāriputta, when the Saṅgha has
much knowledge and there take place in it some wrongdoings which are
the basis for the pollutants in this Dispensation, then only for the
benefit of eliminating those wrongdoings, does the Buddha lay down
rules and proclaim the Monastic Rules.
Dear Sāriputta, now the Saṅgha is free from immoral persons, free from
blemishes, free from impurities, clean, and stands in the essence of such virtues
as morality and the like. Dear Sāriputta, of these 500 monks, the lowest is a
Stream-enterer (
Sotāpanna
), whose assured destination is the three higher stages
of the path, for he will never be reborn in suffering abodes.”
Herein by the pollutants (
āsava
) is meant moral defilements and suffering
such as accusations, killings, imprisonment, etc., by others in this life, and
suffering through rebirth in the suffering states hereafter. Since such
wrongdoings as sexual intercourse, stealing, killing human beings, etc.,
form the ground for the pollutants (
āsava
), they are called the bases for
the pollutants (
āsavaṭṭhaniyā
).
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At the time when Ven. Sāriputta made the request for laying down the
rules, transgression had not occurred at all. Had the rules such as the four
Expulsion (
Pārājika
) rules and others been laid down before the actual
taking place of transgressions, such an action would not have escaped
private abuse, blame and public censure.
How would such an action not have escaped? If rules were to be laid down
in advance, all the necessary rules would have been done so, saying: “If a
monk commits sexual intercourse,” and so on. Laying down the rules