30: The 12th Rains Retreat (Famine) – 1027
pātimokkha
) associated with the seven portions of offences had to be
promulgated. Only the recitation of the Advisory Rules (
Ovāda
-
Pātimokkha
) was known to them. Even the Advisory Rules they did not
recite fortnightly.
221
These long-lived Buddhas had two generations of disciples to follow them:
The immediate disciples and the later disciples who were monks ordained
by those immediate disciples. At the time when the later disciples, under
the second category emerged, since there had been no disciplinary rules
from the outset and since the disciples, who were of diverse names, clans
and births, did not feel obliged to protect and preserve the small amount of
discourses but remained careless as though they shirked their duty,
thinking: “Such and such a venerable will do it, such and such a venerable
will do it,” they did nothing for safeguarding the teachings by holding
Councils (
Saṅgāyana
). Hence, there was a rapid disappearance of their
Dispensations.
With regard to the statement: “The Dispensations of the long-lived
Buddhas did not last long,” it originally meant to say that their
Dispensations did not last long for many generations of disciples. The life
of Buddha Vipassī, however, was 80,000 years 1ong; the lifespan of his
immediate disciples also was 80,000
[726]
years, so was the lifespan of the
last generation of later disciples who were ordained by the immediate
disciples. Therefore, the Dispensation with the two generations of disciples
lasted for 160,000 years after the demise of the Buddha. In terms of
generations of disciples, however, there were only two, and this small
number of generations was meant, in speaking of the shortness of the
Dispensation; it was spoken, one should particularly remember, not in
terms of years, but of generations.
Having heard of the reasons for the short-lived Dispensations in terms of
generations of the disciples of the three Buddhas: Vipassī, Sikhī and Vessabhū,
the noble Sāriputta, being desirous of hearing the reasons for the long-lived
Dispensations of the other three Buddhas: Kakusandha. Koṇāgamana and
Kassapa, continued to ask the Buddha: “Exalted Buddha, why did the
Dispensations of the Buddhas Kakusandha, Koṇāgamana and Kassapa last long?”
The Buddha answered: “Dear son Sāriputta, the Buddhas Kakusandha,
Koṇāgamana and Kassapa gave elaborate discourses to their disciples. Their
221
The two kinds of Rules (
Pātimokkha
) have been dealt with in detail in chapter 25.